Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC)

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Due to the capability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to be redifferentiated into specific cell types, tissues, and organs; when combined with gene editing technology, iPSCs can be used to explore the mechanisms of disease onset in order to develop new and effective drugs and cell therapies. Cyagen offers a one-stop in vitro service platform for iPSCs, featuring advanced cell reprogramming, genetic engineering, and cellular differentiation technologies. By integrating our one-stop phenotypic analysis platform, we can provide in vitro model development and testing services for iPSCs across various disease applications.

Advantages of iPSC Models for Research Applications

  • Basic Research: A powerful tool for the study of developmental biology; avoids the ethical controversies associated with ESCs (Embryonic Stem Cells); theoretically capable of infinite expansion and differentiation in vitro, which is beneficial for large-scale drug screening and replacement of difficult-to-obtain primary cell lines.
  • Drug Development: iPSCs can theoretically differentiate into any cell type in the human body; can better simulate the occurrence of human diseases; suitable for safety and efficacy studies.
  • Innovative Therapies: iPSCs are induced from the patient's own cells, greatly resolving potential immune rejection issues; Cell lines with a single genetic background can be created to reduce phenotypic variation caused by differences in genetic background.
  • Autologous Therapeutics: Based on their differentiation potential, numerous clinical trials have been completed or are underway to investigate their applications in repairing any damaged or degenerated organs and tissues.

iPSC Technical Services and Delivery Standards

Type Project Delivery Standard Quality Controls (QCs) Turnaround
Reprogramming iPSC Reprogramming Technology Service One iPSC clone, each clone provides two vials of cryopreserved cells (1x10^6 cells/vial), with an experimental report Flow cytometry for SSEA4/TRA-1-81, immunofluorescence for OCT4/NANOG, karyotype analysis, microbial testing, STR, in vitro trilineage differentiation (optional), teratoma formation (optional), exogenous residue testing Starting from 12 weeks
Gene Edited Cell Lines (iPSCs) Knockout (KO) 1 monoclonal heterozygous cell line, 2 tubes (10^6/tube), experiment report PCR and sequencing, immunofluorescence Starting from 8 weeks
Point mutation (PM) Starting from 12 weeks
Knock-in (KI) Starting from 12 weeks
Transfected Stable Cell Lines (iPSC) Transfection stable Knockdown expression
Stable overexpression strain
Transfected stable cell lines, 2 tubes/strain (10^6/tube), including control cell lines, experiment report qPCR, immunofluorescence Cell pool: 9-11 weeks; Monoclonal: 13-15 weeks Cell pool: 8-10 weeks + gene synthesis; Monoclonal: 12-14 weeks + gene synthesis
Directed Differentiation Motor Neuron Differentiation Motor neuron precursor cells and mature motor neuron differentiation kit for 10^7 cells Immunofluorescence (MNP Oligo2/MNs CHAT) Starting from 6 weeks
CD34+ Differentiation Two vials of cryopreserved cells (1x10^6 cells/vial) qPCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence Starting from 3 weeks
NPC (Neural Progenitor Cell) Differentiation Two vials of cryopreserved cells (1x10^6 cells/vial) Immunofluorescence (SOX2/PAX6/Nestin) Starting from 2 weeks
RPE (Retinal Pigment Epithelium) Differentiation RPE precursor cells and mature RPE differentiation kit for 10^7 cells Immunofluorescence (Transcription factor MiTF/mature RPE ZO-1) Starting from 5 weeks
Liver Organoid Differentiation One vial of cryopreserved liver organoids (1 set - 10 units) qPCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence Starting from 8 weeks

Features of Our iPSC Technical Services

Technical Challenges Cyagen’s solutions
Reprogramming: Early methods depended on retroviruses and lentiviral vectors, among others, but there was a risk of transgenes being reactivated due to viral genome integration. Reprogramming with episomal vectors (additive plasmids) is used to transcribe and express pluripotent stem cell genes while producing non-integrated human iPS cells. This method has a higher safety factor than using viral vectors with genomic integration. Cyagen has improved upon all nearly all aspects of iPSC reprogramming: the upgraded delivery vector provides up to 50% HDR efficiency, over 50% transfection efficiency, transfection viability more than 80%, and RNP delivery achieving up to 90% KO efficiency.
Cell Culture: Harsh culture conditions can lead to cells losing pluripotency and differentiating during the editing process. With 18 years of experience in stem cell culture, Cyagen has developed an advanced iPSC editing and culture system with which we can cultivate ideal iPSC colonies: compact interior, uniform size, and clear edges.
iPSC Genetic Editing: Large genetic differences between iPSCs from different individuals and tissue sources, and the high level of difficulty in performing precise genetic modifications. Cyagen’s genetic editing platform has been developed to provide the following advantages for iPSC research project success:
1. Intelligent Smart-CRISPR™ cell gene editing system: Can scientifically design high-efficiency, low-off-target gRNA.
2. Proprietary α-donor vector HDR system: HDR efficiency up to 50%, significantly higher than market editing efficiencies, enabling footprint-free repairs.
3. Appropriate transfection conditions: By optimizing transfection conditions, transfection efficiency >50%, with viability up to 80%.
4. RNP delivery system: Chooses RNP delivery to enhance gRNA cleavage efficiency and transfection cell viability, reducing off-target rates, with KO efficiency up to 90%.
Monoclonal Formation: Complicated preparation of stable monoclonal iPSC culture and low cloning rates. With our unique single-cell screening technology, the monoclonal formation rate can reach over 30%, and enough positive clones can be obtained through one round of screening.
Directed Differentiation: There are differences in differentiation capacity and proliferation rate among iPSC cell lines from different sources. By prioritizing the selection of iPSCs that are more compatible with the target differentiated cell type and optimizing the culture medium and additives, their specificity and efficiency of differentiation are greatly enhanced, effectively reducing the proportion of immature or undifferentiated cells.

Cyagen possesses advanced somatic cell reprogramming technology, capable of reprogramming somatic cell samples collected from blood to produce non-integrating human iPSCs.

iPSC Reprogramming Service Process

iPSC Reprogramming Service

Type Project Method Content
Establishment of iPSC Lines from Somatic Cells Reprogramming Episomal Plasmid Establishment of iPSC Lines from Peripheral Blood
iPSC Characterization iPSC Marker Detection Immunofluorescence Ratio of Positive Markers OCT-4/NANOG
Flow Cytometry Ratio of Positive Markers SSEA-4/TRA-1-60
Self-Renewal Capacity AP Staining iPSC Pluripotency Test
Genomic Stability Chromosome Analysis Karyotyping
Cell Source Identification STR Profiling Test Verification of Homology with the Starting Cells
Differentiation Potential Tri-lineage Differentiation Teratoma Formation Assay of iPSC In Vivo Differentiation Capacity In Vitro Differentiation Capacity Verification In Vivo Differentiation Capacity Verification
No Exogenous Gene Integration PCR Vector Sequence PCR Detection

iPSC Detection and Functional Identification

⮚ Cell Morphology

⮚ Karyotyping

⮚ STR Profiling

⮚ Cell-Specific Markers

⮚ Flow Cytometry Analysis

⮚ In Vitro Tri-lineage Differentiation

⮚ Teratoma Formation Assay

iPSC Reprogramming Service Advantages

  • Somatic cells extracted from blood are used to produce high-quality iPSCs with a success rate of up to 99%.
  • Utilization of stable episomal vectors in non-integrative reprogramming ensures non-integrated human IPS cells while preserving downstream experiments.
  • Standardized operational procedures compatible with various culture systems enable large-scale production of high-purity cells.
  • We provide complete customization options to meet researchers' specific needs.

When combined with gene editing techniques, iPSCs can be used to explore the mechanisms of disease, and develop effective new drugs and cell therapies. Cyagen’s iPSC disease model research platform has mature gene editing technologies and stem cell culture systems; it has overcome many difficulties related to iPSC cultivation, genetic modification, and monoclonalization needed for modern translational and regenerative medicine research. Our proprietary process has improved upon all nearly all aspects of custom iPSC modeling: upgraded delivery vector provides up to 50% HDR efficiency, over 50% transfection efficiency, transfection viability more than 80%, and RNP delivery achieving up to 90% KO efficiency.

Our process is empowered by powerful AI algorithms, including the the RNA splicing model tool developed with support from the Rare Disease Data Center (RDDC), which can assist in screening WB-negative clones. Additionally, the Smart-CRISPR™ cell gene editing system enables rapid design of gene knockout and other strategies, yielding an editing efficiency as high as 90%.

iPSC Gene Editing Technology Process

iPSC Gene Editing Services

Type Project Delivery Standard Quality Controls (QCs) Turnaround
Gene Edited Cell Lines (iPSCs) Knockout (KO) 1 monoclonal heterozygous cell line, 2 tubes (10^6/tube), experiment report PCR and sequencing, immunofluorescence From 8 weeks
Point mutation (PM) From 12 weeks
Knock-in (KI) From 12 weeks
Transfected Stable Cell Lines (iPSCs) Transfection stable Knockdown expression Transfected stable cell lines, 2 tubes/strain (10^6/tube), including control cell lines, experiment report qPCR, immunofluorescence Cell pool: 9-11 weeks; Monoclonal: 13-15 weeks
Stable overexpression strain Cell pool: 8-10 weeks + gene synthesis; Monoclonal: 12-14 weeks + gene synthesis

iPSC Gene Editing Service Case Study: EGFP Knock-in AAVS1 Cell Line Model

Using gene editing technology, the EGFP gene was knocked into the AAVS1 locus in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). As shown in the diagram, sgRNA and donor were transfected into iPSCs via the RNP method, and the EGFP sequence was inserted into the AAVS1 locus through the HDR pathway.

Figure 1. Design of EGFP Knock-in Strategy

PCR and sequencing identification was used to confirm that a homozygous iPSC cell line with EGFP knocked into the AAVS1 locus was obtained, with 100% EGFP expression observed under fluorescence microscopy. Chromosomal karyotyping analysis conducted using G-banding after cell culture showed a normal chromosome count of 46 with no obvious structural abnormalities. Immunofluorescence staining for the three pluripotent markers NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 detected positive signals, indicating the pluripotency (stemness) of the knocked-in cells.

Figure 2. Gel Electrophoresis Identification Results of iPSC-EGFP Knock-in

Note: The primer design strategy aimed to amplify partial sequences upstream and downstream of the entire EGFP and its genomic location. The band without inserted EGFP was 762bp, while the band with successfully inserted EGFP was observed at 3194bp. The results indicate that in four monoclonal lines, bands appeared at 3194bp, indicating successful insertion of EGFP and homozygous clones.

Figure 3. Sequencing Results of iPSC-EGFP Knock-in

Figure 4. Fluorescence Image of iPSC-EGFP Knock-in Homozygous Clone (EGFP Expressed in 100% of iPSC Homozygous Clones)

Figure 5. Karyotype Analysis of iPSC-EGFP Knock-in (Chromosomal Karyotyping Analysis conducted using G-banding after cell culture, showing a normal chromosome count of 46 with no obvious structural abnormalities)

Figure 6. iPSC-EGFP Immunofluorescence - Pluripotency Detection: Immunofluorescence staining conducted for the pluripotent markers NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2 detected positive signals, indicating the pluripotency of the knocked-in cells.

Advantages of Our iPSC Gene Editing Services

  • Advanced Gene Editing Technology Platform: With over tens of thousands of successful gene editing projects ranging from in vivo animal experiments to in vitro cell experiments, we offer comprehensive services including cellular gene expression regulation, cell function validation, development of mouse disease models, and phenotype analysis.
  • Optimized and Upgraded iPSC Gene Editing System: Our newly upgraded delivery vectors achieve HDR efficiency of up to 50%, transfection efficiency of >50%, and transfection viability of >80%.
  • Empowered by Powerful AI Algorithms: Supported by the Rare Disease Data Center (RDDC), our RNA splicing model tools assist in screening WB-negative clones. Our Smart-CRISPR™ Cell Gene Editing System enables easy implementation of various strategies such as gene knockout and gene knock-in, with editing efficiency reaching up to 90%.
  • Professional Project Management: We provide proposals within 24 hours, offer regular updates on project progress, and have a team of doctoral experts providing technical support and detailed delivery reports. We also offer delivery of different clones (homozygous, heterozygous, and controls) according to project requirements.

Directed differentiation refers to guiding iPSCs through specific experimental conditions and cell culture systems to transform them into specific types of somatic cells, such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc. Cyagen can provide a variety of disease model development and drug screening capabilities, offering high-quality iPSC model services to researchers.

iPSC Directed Differentiation Services

Project Delivery Standard Quality Controls (QCs) Turnaround
Motor Neuron Differentiation Motor neuron precursor cells and mature motor neuron differentiation kit for 10^7 cells Immunofluorescence (MNP Oligo2/MNs CHAT) From 6 weeks
CD34+ Differentiation Two vials of cryopreserved cells (1x10^6 cells/vial) qPCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence From 3 weeks
NPC (Neural Progenitor Cell) Differentiation Two vials of cryopreserved cells (1x10^6 cells/vial) Immunofluorescence (SOX2/PAX6/Nestin) From 2 weeks
RPE (Retinal Pigment Epithelium) Differentiation RPE precursor cells and mature RPE differentiation kit for 10^7 cells Immunofluorescence (Transcription factor MiTF/mature RPE ZO-1) From 5 weeks
Liver Organoid Differentiation One vial of cryopreserved liver organoids (1 set - 10 units) qPCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence From 8 weeks

iPSC Directed Differentiation Service Case Study: iPSC Model Differentiation Capacity

  • Neural Progenitor Cell (NPC) Differentiation - Neural Disease and Drug Models

  • Motor Neuron (MN) Differentiation - Neurological Diseases such as ALS and Drug Models

  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell (CD34+) Differentiation - Can be used for differentiation into hematopoietic lineage cells such as NK cells, T cells, etc.