C57BL/6JCya-Glulem1flox/Cya
Common Name:
Glul-flox
Product ID:
S-CKO-02655
Background:
C57BL/6JCya
Product Type
Age
Genotype
Sex
Quantity
Price:
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Basic Information
Strain Name
Glul-flox
Strain ID
CKOCMP-14645-Glul-B6J-VA
Gene Name
Product ID
S-CKO-02655
Gene Alias
GS; Glns
Background
C57BL/6JCya
NCBI ID
Modification
Conditional knockout
Chromosome
1
Phenotype
Document
Application
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Note: When using this mouse strain in a publication, please cite “C57BL/6JCya-Glulem1flox/Cya mice (Catalog S-CKO-02655) were purchased from Cyagen.”
Strain Description
Ensembl Number
ENSMUST00000086199
NCBI RefSeq
NM_008131
Target Region
Exon 4~6
Size of Effective Region
~1.6 kb
Detailed Document
Overview of Gene Research
Glul, also known as glutamate-ammonia ligase or glutamine synthetase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of ammonium and glutamate into glutamine. This reaction is crucial for multiple biological processes, including ammonia detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and proliferation. Glul-related pathways are involved in glutamine metabolism, which is closely linked to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via reversed glutaminolysis [1,2,3,5].
In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), PHF8 transcriptionally up-regulates Glul, promoting lipid deposition and tumor growth. Pharmacological inhibition of Glul represses ccRCC lipid deposition and tumor growth [1].
In gastric cancer, low Glul expression is associated with poor prognosis, and Glul knockdown promotes cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis, while overexpression has the opposite effect [2].
In breast cancer, higher Glul expression is associated with larger tumor size and higher HER2 expression, and Glul knockdown in SK-BR-3 cells decreases proliferation ability [4].
In non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), Glul ablation confers resistance to several anticancer drugs in A549 cells but not H1299 cells, with resistant cells relying more on exogenous glucose and showing increased activity of the malate-aspartate shuttle [5].
In luminal subtype breast cancer MCF7 cells, Glul knockdown combined with restricted glucose level synergistically inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis [6].
In endothelial cells, genetic deletion of Glul impairs vessel sprouting during vascular development, and pharmacological blockade suppresses angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration [7].
In conclusion, Glul plays essential roles in various biological processes and diseases. Gene-knockout (KO) or conditional-knockout (CKO) models, though not always explicitly mentioned in all references, have likely contributed to understanding its role in cancer (such as ccRCC, gastric, breast, and lung cancer), adipocyte differentiation, and angiogenesis. These models help to reveal how Glul affects disease-related biological processes, providing potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.
References：
1. Peng, Song, Wang, Ze, Tang, Peng, Jiang, Jun, Liu, Qiuli. 2023. PHF8-GLUL axis in lipid deposition and tumor growth of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In Science advances, 9, eadf3566. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adf3566. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37531433/
2. Jiang, Qiwei, Li, Yong, Cai, Songwang, Chen, Zhesheng, Shi, Zhi. 2023. GLUL stabilizes N-Cadherin by antagonizing β-Catenin to inhibit the progresses of gastric cancer. In Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 14, 698-711. doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38322340/
3. Polletta, Lucia, Vernucci, Enza, Carnevale, Ilaria, Russo, Matteo A, Tafani, Marco. . SIRT5 regulation of ammonia-induced autophagy and mitophagy. In Autophagy, 11, 253-70. doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1009778. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25700560/
4. Wang, Yanyan, Fan, Shaohua, Lu, Jun, Wu, Zhiyong, Zheng, Yuanlin. 2017. GLUL Promotes Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer. In Journal of cellular biochemistry, 118, 2018-2025. doi:10.1002/jcb.25775. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27791265/
5. Muthu, Magesh, Kumar, Ranjeet, Syed Khaja, Azharuddin Sajid, Persson, Jenny L, Nordström, Anders. 2019. GLUL Ablation Can Confer Drug Resistance to Cancer Cells via a Malate-Aspartate Shuttle-Mediated Mechanism. In Cancers, 11, . doi:10.3390/cancers11121945. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31817360/
6. Karimpur Zahmatkesh, Arezu, Khalaj-Kondori, Mohammad, Hosseinpour Feizi, Mohammad Ali, Baradaran, Behzad. 2023. GLUL gene knockdown and restricted glucose level show synergistic inhibitory effect on the luminal subtype breast cancer MCF7 cells' proliferation and metastasis. In EXCLI journal, 22, 847-861. doi:10.17179/excli2023-6287. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37780942/
7. Eelen, Guy, Dubois, Charlotte, Cantelmo, Anna Rita, Wu, Xu, Carmeliet, Peter. 2018. Role of glutamine synthetase in angiogenesis beyond glutamine synthesis. In Nature, 561, 63-69. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0466-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30158707/
Quality Control Standard
Sperm Test
Pre-cryopreservation: Measurement of sperm concentration, determination of sperm viability.
Post-cryopreservation: A vial of cryopreserved sperms is selected for in-vitro fertilization from each batch.
Environmental Standards:SPF
Available Region:Global
Source:Cyagen