Oxt, which encodes oxytocin, is a crucial neuropeptide. Oxytocin is involved in a wide range of physiological and behavioral processes, such as reproduction (including milk let-down and uterine contraction), social and emotional behaviors, and stress regulation. It binds to the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled oxytocin receptor (OXTR), activating signaling cascades like MAPK, PKC, PLC, or CaMK pathways, which converge on transcription factors like CREB or MEF-2 [1].

In mice, depletion or activation of hypothalamic Oxt-producing neurons could augment or suppress colitis-associated cancer (CAC) progression respectively. Treatment with celastrol, which excites Oxt neurons, inhibits CAC progression, and this anti-tumor effect was significantly attenuated in Oxt neuron-lesioned mice. This shows that hypothalamic Oxt neurons regulate CAC progression by modulating the neuronal activity in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion (CG-SMG) [2].

In conclusion, Oxt plays essential roles in reproduction, social and emotional behaviors, and stress-related responses. Mouse models, especially those with manipulation of Oxt-producing neurons, have revealed its potential role in cancer, specifically in the progression of colorectal cancer. Understanding Oxt's functions through these models may provide new insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.