Gp2, or glycoprotein 2, has diverse functions. It was initially identified as a major membranous component of pancreatic acinar cells [4]. In mucosal immunology, it serves as a functional molecule specific for antigen-sampling cells in intestinal Peyer's patches, involved in detecting pathological bacteria and useful for identifying the M cell lineage [4,5]. In the context of pancreatic development, it is a pancreatic progenitor (PP)-specific cell surface marker [1].

In pancreatic research, GP2-enriched PPs can give rise to all pancreatic cells in vivo, including functional beta-like cells, and eliminate the risk of teratomas, establishing GP2 sorting as an effective PP purification method [1]. Also, a novel PP differentiation platform based on increasing Glycoprotein-2 expression was introduced, and GP2 expression levels at the PP stage were associated with varying pancreatic lineage potential [3]. In breast cancer, the GP2 peptide, a HER2/neu-derived peptide, shows immunogenicity, and GP2-based vaccines are being evaluated in clinical trials [2].

In conclusion, Gp2 has important functions in mucosal immunity, pancreatic development, and potentially in cancer immunotherapy. The study of Gp2 in models such as the use of GP2-enriched PPs in in vivo studies provides insights into pancreatic cell differentiation and safety in potential diabetes treatments, as well as its role in cancer immunotherapy research [1-3].