MiR-690 is a microRNA that plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes. It is involved in regulating insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and fibrosis, and is associated with metabolic and stress-related pathways. Understanding its function is important for metabolic and psychiatric disease research, and genetic models such as KO mouse models can be valuable for studying it [1,2,3].

In obesity, M2-polarized macrophages secrete exosomes containing miR-690, which can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in obese mice by targeting Nadk, a gene involved in modulating macrophage inflammation and insulin signaling [1]. In non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), Kupffer cells produce miR-690, and its deficiency promotes NASH pathogenesis. Administering an miR-690 mimic inhibits NASH features, as it directly inhibits fibrogenesis, inflammation, and de novo lipogenesis in relevant liver cells [2]. In stress-related studies, miR-690 overexpressing mice showed higher stress resilience in tests like the sucrose preference test and forced swim test, indicating its role in stress-associated biological functions [3].

In conclusion, miR-690 is a key regulator in metabolic and stress-related biological functions. Mouse models, especially KO models, have revealed its significance in conditions like obesity-related insulin resistance, NASH, and stress-associated psychiatric disorders, providing potential therapeutic targets for these diseases.