Dbp can refer to different entities. One is the vitamin D binding protein, which is a multifunctional protein present in blood and is an actin-sequestering protein. It binds to actin subdomains 1 and 3, blocking the fast-growing side of actin monomers and interfering with actin-filament formation, thus suppressing extracellular actin polymerization [5]. Another common reference is dibutyl phthalate, an endocrine-disrupting chemical extensively used in industry [2].

Regarding Dbp's role in diseases, studies on rats showed that co-exposure to DBP (dibutyl phthalate) and BaP (benzo(a)pyrene) causes more severe kidney injury than single-exposure, through promoting pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells regulated by TLR4/NF-κB signaling [1]. In mouse Leydig cells, DBP (dibutyl phthalate) induces ferroptosis via upregulating Sp2, which promotes Vdac2 transcription, while melatonin alleviates this effect by inhibiting oxidative stress-triggered Sp2/VDAC2 signals [2]. Prenatal exposure to DBP (dibutyl phthalate) in rodents impairs spermatogenesis by activating NF-κB/COX-2/RANKL signaling in Sertoli cells [3]. Also, in zebrafish, exposure to DBP (dibutyl phthalate) during embryonic development causes craniofacial defects [4].

In conclusion, Dbp in the context of vitamin D binding protein has a significant role in regulating actin-filament formation. When referring to dibutyl phthalate, it is associated with various adverse health effects such as kidney injury, impairment of spermatogenesis, and craniofacial defects in different animal models, highlighting its potential risks to human and animal health.

References:

1. Chen, Jing, Song, Yawen, Liu, Yining, You, Mingdan, Yang, Guanghong. 2022. DBP and BaP co-exposure induces kidney injury via promoting pyroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in rats. In Chemosphere, 314, 137714. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137714. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36592837/

2. Yang, Si, Chen, Meiwei, Meng, Jiahui, Wang, Jinglei, Chen, Jiaxiang. 2024. Melatonin alleviates di-butyl phthalate (DBP)-induced ferroptosis of mouse leydig cells via inhibiting Sp2/VDAC2 signals. In Environmental research, 247, 118221. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.118221. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38246300/

3. Xie, Zhiwen, Liu, Shiwei, Hua, Shan, Shi, Fei, Jiang, Juntao. 2022. Preconception exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) impairs spermatogenesis by activating NF-κB/COX-2/RANKL signaling in Sertoli cells. In Toxicology, 474, 153213. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2022.153213. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35605887/

4. Jergensen, Tanner, Cusmano, Danielle, Roy, Nicole M. 2019. Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) induces craniofacial defects during embryonic development in zebrafish. In Ecotoxicology (London, England), 28, 995-1002. doi:10.1007/s10646-019-02100-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31463621/

5. Verboven, Christel, Bogaerts, Ilse, Waelkens, Etienne, Bouillon, Roger, De Ranter, Camiel. 2003. Actin-DBP: the perfect structural fit? In Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography, 59, 263-73. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12554937/