Gne, encoding UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, is a key gene in the sialic acid biosynthesis pathway. Sialic acid is essential for the proper function of protein and lipid molecules with sugar residues on their surface. Mutations in Gne are associated with GNE myopathy, an autosomal recessive muscle disease [2,3,4,5,6,7,8].

GNE myopathy is characterized by slowly progressive muscle weakness, typically starting in early adulthood with weakness and atrophy in the tibialis anterior muscles and sparing of the quadriceps muscles in the early stages. Muscle biopsies show atrophic fibers and rimmed vacuoles without inflammation. The pathophysiology likely involves aberrant sialylation due to Gne mutations [1,2,3,8]. Multiple therapeutic attempts, including sialic acid supplementation and gene therapy, are being made to address the sialic acid depletion in GNE myopathy muscle cells [4,5,7].

In conclusion, Gne is crucial for sialic acid biosynthesis. Research on GNE myopathy associated with Gne mutations has significantly advanced our understanding of the disease mechanism and potential therapeutic interventions. These studies on Gne-related myopathy contribute to the field of neuromuscular diseases, aiming to develop effective treatments for this rare disorder.