Mtm1, encoding myotubularin, is a dual-specificity phosphatase. It belongs to a large conserved gene family. Myotubularin acts as an endosomal phosphatase, dephosphorylating key second messenger lipids PI3P and PI3,5P2, which is crucial for lipid and membrane dynamics [3,4].

Mutations in Mtm1 cause X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a severe congenital muscle disorder. In Bin1mck-/-mice, early systemic Mtm1 overexpression prevented the development of centronuclear myopathy (CNM) pathology, and late intramuscular Mtm1 expression partially reverted established phenotypes, highlighting its role in CNM-related muscle pathologies [1]. In a zebrafish model, loss-of-function mutations in mtm1 led to severe liver abnormalities including impaired bile flux, showing its importance in liver function [2].

In summary, Mtm1 is essential for normal muscle and liver function. Model-based research, especially the use of gene-modified mouse and zebrafish models, has revealed its critical role in muscle-related diseases like XLMTM and CNM, as well as in liver-associated cholestatic diseases. These findings contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and potentially developing therapeutic strategies.