Glra2, encoding the glycine receptor α2 subunit, is involved in inhibitory neurotransmission in the adult nervous system and has excitatory action in immature neurons. It plays a role in cortical interneuron migration and generation of excitatory projection neurons in the embryonic brain. Glycine receptors containing this subunit are present in regions like the nucleus accumbens [2,3].

Glra2 knockout mice show myopia-related phenotypes, decreased electroretinogram responses, and impaired retinal rod cell genesis, indicating its role in high myopia. Variants in the gene can cause high myopia by altering visual experience through impairing photoperception and visual transmission [1]. In addition, Glra2 knockout mice exhibit deficits in object recognition memory and impaired long-term potentiation in the prefrontal cortex, suggesting its involvement in non-syndromic autism [2].

In conclusion, Glra2 is crucial for normal neurotransmission, especially in the developing and adult nervous systems. Gene knockout mouse models have revealed its significant roles in high myopia and non-syndromic autism, enhancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these diseases.