TERF1, or Telomeric repeat binding factor 1, is a gene with diverse functions. In plants, as a transcription factor (Tomato Ethylene Responsive Factor 1), it is involved in ethylene-related signaling pathways, playing a crucial role in seed germination [1,3,5]. In animals, it is essential for telomere maintenance and is associated with various cancers [2,4].

In plants, overexpressing TERF1 promotes seed germination. It does so by repressing the ABA signaling pathway through HEXOKINASE 1 (HXK1), activating the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, and alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis [1]. It also activates the gibberellin acid (GA) signaling pathway independent of GA metabolism under osmotic conditions [3].

In prostate cancer, 6% of localized prostate cancer and 26% of castration-resistant tumors (CRPC) present alterations in TERF1. Amplification/upregulation of TERF1 is associated with the worst prognosis in localized prostate cancer, and miR-155 regulates TERF1 expression in prostate cancer [2]. Also, TERF1 downregulation promotes the migration and invasion of the PC3 prostate cancer cell line via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, as it is a direct target of miR-155 [4].

In conclusion, TERF1 has important functions in both plant seed germination and animal telomere maintenance and cancer-related processes. In plants, it regulates multiple signaling pathways during seed germination. In prostate cancer, its alterations and expression levels are closely related to cancer progression and prognosis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker. Research on TERF1 using various models helps to understand these biological functions and disease mechanisms.