C57BL/6JCya-Grem2em1flox/Cya
Common Name:
Grem2-flox
Product ID:
S-CKO-08073
Background:
C57BL/6JCya
Product Type
Age
Genotype
Sex
Quantity
Price:
Contact for Pricing
Basic Information
Strain Name
Grem2-flox
Strain ID
CKOCMP-23893-Grem2-B6J-VA
Gene Name
Product ID
S-CKO-08073
Gene Alias
Gremlin2; Prdc
Background
C57BL/6JCya
NCBI ID
Modification
Conditional knockout
Chromosome
1
Phenotype
Document
Application
--
Note: When using this mouse strain in a publication, please cite “C57BL/6JCya-Grem2em1flox/Cya mice (Catalog S-CKO-08073) were purchased from Cyagen.”
Strain Description
Ensembl Number
ENSMUST00000055294
NCBI RefSeq
NM_011825
Target Region
Exon 2
Size of Effective Region
~4.3 kb
Detailed Document
Overview of Gene Research
Grem2, also known as Gremlin 2 or protein related to Dan and cerberus (PRDC), is a secreted factor and a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist. It is involved in multiple biological processes such as osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and tooth development [2,3,5,6,7]. Grem2 is associated with pathways like TGFβ, BMP4/7-SMAD1/5/8, and JNK signaling, which are crucial for cell differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue homeostasis [1,2,4].
In Grem2-deficient mice, partial Grem2 inactivation in female mice led to increased trabecular bone mass in the femur and tibia due to increased trabecular thickness, with unchanged cortical thickness, and stimulated osteoblast differentiation [3]. Grem2 -/- mice developed small deformed mandibular and maxillary incisors, indicating its requirement for normal tooth morphogenesis [7]. In addition, Grem2-overexpressed mice exhibited a reduced browning ability of visceral fat, while Grem2 ablation enhanced the browning capacity and reduced visceral fat content [2].
In conclusion, Grem2 plays essential roles in bone development, tooth morphogenesis, and adipose tissue browning. Gene-knockout mouse models have been instrumental in revealing these functions, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis, tooth agenesis, and obesity-related diseases.
References：
1. Shen, Yunfeng, Cheng, Lidan, Xu, Minxuan, Cai, Mengyin, Xu, Fen. 2023. SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin downregulates miRNA-34a-5p and targets GREM2 to inactivate hepatic stellate cells and ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated fibrosis. In Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 146, 155657. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155657. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37422021/
2. Liu, Wen, Li, Danjie, Yang, Minglan, Hong, Jie, Wang, Jiqiu. 2022. GREM2 is associated with human central obesity and inhibits visceral preadipocyte browning. In EBioMedicine, 78, 103969. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103969. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35349825/
3. Nilsson, Karin H, Henning, Petra, Wu, Jianyao, Ohlsson, Claes, Movérare-Skrtic, Sofia. 2024. GREM2 inactivation increases trabecular bone mass in mice. In Scientific reports, 14, 12967. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-63439-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38839844/
4. Ran, Ao, Guan, Lin, Wang, Jiani, Wang, Ying. 2019. GREM2 maintains stem cell-like phenotypes in gastric cancer cells by regulating the JNK signaling pathway. In Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 18, 2414-2431. doi:10.1080/15384101.2019.1646561. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31345097/
5. Mostowska, A, Biedziak, B, Zadurska, M, Firlej, E, Jagodziński, P P. 2017. GREM2 nucleotide variants and the risk of tooth agenesis. In Oral diseases, 24, 591-599. doi:10.1111/odi.12793. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28992378/
6. Williams, Meredith, Zeng, Yu, Chiquet, Brett, Akyalcin, Sercan, Letra, Ariadne. 2021. Functional characterization of ATF1, GREM2 AND WNT10B variants associated with tooth agenesis. In Orthodontics & craniofacial research, 24, 486-493. doi:10.1111/ocr.12462. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33369218/
7. Vogel, P, Liu, J, Platt, K A, Vance, R B, Brommage, R. 2014. Malformation of incisor teeth in Grem2⁻/⁻ mice. In Veterinary pathology, 52, 224-9. doi:10.1177/0300985814528218. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24686385/
Quality Control Standard
Sperm Test
Pre-cryopreservation: Measurement of sperm concentration, determination of sperm viability.
Post-cryopreservation: A vial of cryopreserved sperms is selected for in-vitro fertilization from each batch.
Environmental Standards:SPF
Available Region:Global
Source:Cyagen