C57BL/6JCya-Rradem1flox/Cya
Common Name:
Rrad-flox
Product ID:
S-CKO-12098
Background:
C57BL/6JCya
Product Type
Age
Genotype
Sex
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Basic Information
Strain Name
Rrad-flox
Strain ID
CKOCMP-56437-Rrad-B6J-VA
Gene Name
Product ID
S-CKO-12098
Gene Alias
REM3; Rad
Background
C57BL/6JCya
NCBI ID
Modification
Conditional knockout
Chromosome
8
Phenotype
Document
Application
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Note: When using this mouse strain in a publication, please cite “C57BL/6JCya-Rradem1flox/Cya mice (Catalog S-CKO-12098) were purchased from Cyagen.”
Strain Description
Ensembl Number
ENSMUST00000034351
NCBI RefSeq
NM_019662
Target Region
Exon 3~5
Size of Effective Region
~1.8 kb
Detailed Document
Overview of Gene Research
RRAD, short for Ras-related associated with diabetes, is a member of the Ras-related GTPase superfamily. Primarily a cytosolic protein that activates in the plasma membrane, it is highly expressed in type 2 diabetes patients and serves as a biomarker for congestive heart failure. RRAD is involved in multiple cellular activities such as cell division, motility, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, by modulating tumor-related gene expression and interacting with downstream effectors [1].
In cancer, RRAD shows dual roles. In gastric and colorectal cancer, its inhibition via siRNA/shRNA led to decreased tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, along with reduced cell invasion, decreased EMT markers, angiogenesis, and associated proteins like VEGF and ANGP2, suggesting it could be a therapeutic target [2]. In papillary thyroid cancer, the NEAT1_2/RRAD/EHF positive feedback loop facilitated aerobic glycolysis [3]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, RRAD suppressed the Warburg effect by downregulating ACTG1, reducing cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle, and increasing apoptosis [4]. In lung cancer, it inhibited the Warburg effect through negative regulation of the NF-κB signaling [5]. In contrast, in malignant glioblastoma, RRAD promoted EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation and temozolomide resistance [6]. In pancreatic cancer, SETD8 inhibited ferroptosis by inhibiting RRAD expression [7]. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, downregulation of RRAD in the tumor margin enhanced energy metabolism and tumor progression [8]. Also, RRAD was identified as a marker and negative regulator of cellular senescence, with its up-regulation countering cellular senescence by reducing reactive oxygen species levels [9].
In conclusion, RRAD is a multifunctional gene involved in various biological processes and diseases, especially cancer. Its dual role as either an oncogene or tumor suppressor depending on the cancer type highlights its complexity. Studies on RRAD using gene-knockout or conditional-knockout models (although not specifically detailed in the given references) could potentially further clarify its role in these biological processes and disease conditions, providing insights for targeted therapies.
References:
1. Sun, Zhangyue, Li, Yongkang, Tan, Xiaolu, Xu, Liyan, Long, Lin. 2023. Friend or Foe: Regulation, Downstream Effectors of RRAD in Cancer. In Biomolecules, 13, . doi:10.3390/biom13030477. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36979412/
2. Kim, Hee Kyung, Lee, Inkyoung, Kim, Seung Tae, Park, Joon Oh, Kang, Won Ki. 2019. RRAD expression in gastric and colorectal cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis. In Scientific reports, 9, 19439. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55767-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31857616/
3. Sun, Wei, Wang, Zhiyuan, Qin, Yuan, He, Liang, Zhang, Hao. . NEAT1_2/RRAD/EHF Positive Feedback Loop Facilitates Aerobic Glycolysis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells. In Endocrinology, 164, . doi:10.1210/endocr/bqad085. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37279586/
4. Yan, Yingcai, Xu, Hao, Zhang, Linshi, Ge, Wenhao, Wang, Weilin. 2019. RRAD suppresses the Warburg effect by downregulating ACTG1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. In OncoTargets and therapy, 12, 1691-1703. doi:10.2147/OTT.S197844. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30881024/
5. Liu, Juan, Zhang, Cen, Wu, Rui, Yang, Bo, Feng, Zhaohui. . RRAD inhibits the Warburg effect through negative regulation of the NF-κB signaling. In Oncotarget, 6, 14982-92. doi:. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25893381/
6. Yeom, Seon-Yong, Nam, Do-Hyun, Park, Chaehwa. 2014. RRAD promotes EGFR-mediated STAT3 activation and induces temozolomide resistance of malignant glioblastoma. In Molecular cancer therapeutics, 13, 3049-61. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0244. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25313011/
7. Lu, Zekun, Hu, Qiangsheng, Qin, Yi, Xu, Xiaowu, Chen, Xuemin. 2023. SETD8 inhibits ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting the expression of RRAD. In Cancer cell international, 23, 50. doi:10.1186/s12935-023-02899-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36934248/
8. Cheng, Aoming, Xu, Qiaoshi, Li, Bo, Han, Zhengxue, Feng, Zhien. 2024. The enhanced energy metabolism in the tumor margin mediated by RRAD promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma. In Cell death & disease, 15, 376. doi:10.1038/s41419-024-06759-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38811531/
9. Wei, Zhao, Guo, Haiyang, Qin, Junchao, Gong, Yaoqin, Shao, Changshun. 2018. Pan-senescence transcriptome analysis identified RRAD as a marker and negative regulator of cellular senescence. In Free radical biology & medicine, 130, 267-277. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.457. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30391675/
Quality Control Standard
Sperm Test
Pre-cryopreservation: Measurement of sperm concentration, determination of sperm viability.
Post-cryopreservation: A vial of cryopreserved sperms is selected for in-vitro fertilization from each batch.
Environmental Standards:SPF
Available Region:Global
Source:Cyagen