Ppp1r1c, also known as thymocyte cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (TARPP), is a protein-coding gene. It has been associated with various biological processes. For instance, it may be involved in neural outgrowth as its expression was upregulated during the regrowth of afferent neurons to cochlear hair cells [4]. It might also play a role in the cell cycle regulation as its expression pattern was associated with negative cell cycle regulation and cell cycle arrest processes in human Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells treated with Moringa oleifera leaf extract [3].

In glioblastoma, miR-182 targets Ppp1r1c. High expression of Ppp1r1c was associated with decreased susceptibility to temozolomide (TMZ) therapy in glioblastoma patients. Loss of miR-182 led to increased expression of Ppp1r1c, which in part explained disease progression and resistance to TMZ therapy [1]. In Markhoz goats, Ppp1r1c was identified as a candidate gene associated with litter size, though its exact role in reproduction is yet to be clearly understood [2].

In summary, Ppp1r1c is involved in multiple biological processes such as neural outgrowth and cell cycle regulation. In disease conditions, its role in glioblastoma resistance to TMZ therapy and its potential association with litter size in goats highlight its significance. Further functional studies, perhaps through gene knockout or conditional knockout mouse models in the future, could provide more insights into its exact mechanisms in these and other biological processes and disease areas.