Rpl39, a ribosomal protein, is a core component of the ribosome and is involved in the fundamental process of protein synthesis. It is associated with the ribosome pathway, which is closely related to cell proliferation. The gene plays an overall important role in various biological processes and disease-related mechanisms [1,2,3,4,5,6].

In mouse models, disruption of Rpl39 via Nuclease technology method in a proliferative mouse cell line led to decreased cell proliferation, nascent protein synthesis and altered mitochondrial functions. Double mutations of Rpl39 and its paralog Rpl39l augmented these phenotypes, suggesting their contributions to cellular physiology [3]. In the context of diseases, in metaplastic breast cancer, the RPL39 A14V mutation rate was 97.5% in patient samples, and high RPL39 expression was associated with reduced patient overall survival. Inhibition of iNOS, which is associated with RPL39, decreased in vitro and in vivo cancer-related phenotypes [2]. In pancreatic cancer, knockdown of Rpl39 with siRNA suppressed cell proliferation, enhanced apoptosis in vitro and inhibited the growth of xenografts in vivo [5]. In glioma, knockdown of RPL39 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of glioma cells in vitro [6].

In conclusion, Rpl39 is crucial for cell proliferation and protein synthesis through its role in the ribosome pathway. Studies using gene-knockout mouse models have revealed its significance in multiple disease areas such as breast, pancreatic, and brain cancers, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for these diseases.