Diaph2, a diaphanous related formin gene, encodes a regulatory cytoskeletal protein involved in actin elongation and microtubule stabilization [5,6,7,8]. It belongs to the formin family and is crucial for processes like cell movement, adhesion, and meiosis/DNA repair pathways [2,4,6]. Genetic models, such as mouse models, can be valuable for studying its function.

Studies have shown that DIAPH2 gene polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of laryngeal cancer. The rs6620138 polymorphism can raise the onset risk, and there are significant differences in allele distribution in case and control groups [1]. In men, the rs12851931 polymorphism in DIAPH2 may increase the risk of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), with homozygotes more prevalent in smokers, and the polymorphism is related to the T stage of the tumor [3]. Additionally, DIAPH2 alterations are present primarily in metastasizing specimens of LSCC, and may contribute to the tumor's metastatic potential, as Nuclease technology-edited heterozygous DIAPH2+/- mutant HEK-293T cells show a shift from 'proliferation' to'migration' phenotype [4].

In conclusion, Diaph2 plays important roles in cell movement, adhesion, and may be involved in cancer-related processes such as the development and metastasis of laryngeal cancer. The study of Diaph2 using genetic models has provided insights into its role in these disease conditions, helping to better understand the underlying mechanisms and potentially providing new directions for cancer research and treatment [1,3,4].