Prmt9, also known as FBXO11, is a protein arginine N-methyltransferase. It belongs to the PRMT family and is involved in various biological processes such as RNA translation, DNA damage response, innate antiviral immune response, and RNA splicing. It catalyzes arginine methylation, which modulates the function of its target proteins and is important for maintaining normal cellular functions [1,2,3,4].

In a Prmt9 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model, knockout of Prmt9 in hippocampal neurons led to alternative splicing of about 1900 genes. This resulted in aberrant synapse development and impaired learning and memory, suggesting Prmt9's crucial role in neuronal development through regulating RNA splicing [3]. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), targeting Prmt9 eliminated the disease via cancer-intrinsic mechanisms and cancer-extrinsic type I interferon-associated immunity. Prmt9 ablation in AML cells decreased the arginine methylation of regulators of RNA translation and DNA damage response, suppressing cell survival [1].

In conclusion, Prmt9 is essential for multiple biological processes, especially RNA-related functions and immune regulation. The Prmt9 cKO mouse model has been instrumental in revealing its role in neuronal development, while studies in AML highlight its potential as an anticancer target. These findings contribute to our understanding of disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.