Psmb6, encoding the 20S subunit beta 6 of the proteasome family, performs caspase-like proteasome activity. It is involved in antigen presentation by MHC class I molecular and has functions in multiple cellular pathways. Its role in biological processes like embryonic development, apoptosis, and fatty acid metabolism has been explored, making it crucial in understanding normal physiological and disease-related mechanisms [3,5,4].

Knockdown of Psmb6 in multiple myeloma cells increased sensitivity to bortezomib, indicating it is a novel target for bortezomib-resistance [1]. In lung adenocarcinoma, knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis, and its high expression was related to poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration [2]. In zebrafish, psmb6 knockout led to early embryonic death due to proteasome inactivity and neuronal apoptosis [3]. In mosquitoes, Psmb6 knockdown decreased cellular viability under deltamethrin treatment, suggesting its association with deltamethrin resistance [6].

In conclusion, Psmb6 is essential for normal biological processes such as embryonic development and cell survival in multiple cell types. Its study through gene-knockout models has revealed its significance in diseases like multiple myeloma, lung adenocarcinoma, and in understanding insecticide resistance, providing potential therapeutic and control strategies.

References:

1. Yuan, Canli, Yuan, Mei, Li, Wenyu, Li, Zhenyu, Yao, Yao. 2023. The STAT3 inhibitor stattic overcome bortezomib-resistance in multiple myeloma via decreasing PSMB6. In Experimental cell research, 429, 113634. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113634. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37207970/

2. Zhao, Haiyang, Luo, Kexin, Liu, Meihan, Zhao, Yongsheng, Zhang, Hongpan. 2024. Immune regulation and prognostic prediction model establishment and validation of PSMB6 in lung adenocarcinoma. In Frontiers in genetics, 15, 1458047. doi:10.3389/fgene.2024.1458047. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39507618/

3. Xiao, Wei, Cheng, Jie, Zhang, Liang, Zhang, Jingjing, Ning, Guozhu. 2025. Deficiency of psmb6 suppresses proteasome activity and promotes apoptosis in larval zebrafish brain. In Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 755, 151574. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151574. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048760/

4. Hsu, Chao-Yu, Chen, Yun-Han, Huang, Wei-Ru, Nielsen, Brent L, Liu, Hung-Jen. 2022. Oncolytic avian reovirus σA-modulated fatty acid metabolism through the PSMB6/Akt/SREBP1/acetyl-CoA carboxylase pathway to increase energy production for virus replication. In Veterinary microbiology, 273, 109545. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109545. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35998542/

5. Wu, Xiao, Wang, Yanfang, Sun, Yunzi. 2011. Molecular characterization, expression analysis and association study with immune traits of porcine PSMB6 gene. In Molecular biology reports, 38, 5465-70. doi:10.1007/s11033-011-0866-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21604174/

6. Sun, Linchun, Ye, Yuting, Sun, Haibo, Shen, Bo, Zhu, Changliang. 2013. Identification of proteasome subunit beta type 6 (PSMB6) associated with deltamethrin resistance in mosquitoes by proteomic and bioassay analyses. In PloS one, 8, e65859. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065859. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23762443/