Slc40a1, also known as FPN1, encodes ferroportin, the only identified cellular iron exporter. It plays a crucial role in transporting iron from the intracellular to extracellular environments, thereby regulating cellular iron metabolism [1,2,5]. This process is integral to maintaining systemic iron homeostasis, with the hepcidin-ferroportin interaction being a key regulatory pathway [5]. Genetic models, such as KO/CKO mouse models, can be valuable for studying Slc40a1's functions.

Mutations in Slc40a1 that prevent hepcidin-ferroportin binding cause haemochromatosis, a systemic iron overload disorder [2]. In Chinese families, males over 30 years old with hemochromatosis due to the SLC40A1 p.Y333H mutation exhibit severe iron overload phenotypes [3]. Additionally, in EGFR-mutated lung cancer, SLC40A1+ macrophages contribute to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment [6]. Erianin, a natural product, can induce ferroptosis in TMZ-resistant glioma stem cells by downregulating SLC40A1 through the REST/LRSAM1 pathway [4].

In summary, Slc40a1 is essential for iron metabolism and maintaining systemic iron homeostasis. Studies using genetic models, such as those with Slc40a1 mutations, have revealed its role in diseases like haemochromatosis and in the tumor microenvironment of certain cancers. Understanding Slc40a1's functions provides insights into disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.