Mgst1, or microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1, is a membrane-bound glutathione transferase with glutathione-dependent transferase and peroxidase activities. It can detoxify reactive intermediates such as metabolic electrophile intermediates and lipophilic hydroperoxides [4]. It is activated by oxidative stress and is expressed in high amounts in the liver, located in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membranes. Mgst1 has been shown to be crucial for embryonic development and hematopoiesis in vertebrates [5].

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), Mgst1 was found to be the key molecule against MRTX1133-induced ferroptosis, facilitating resistance to the KRASG12D inhibitor MRTX1133. Increased Mgst1 expression weakened the cytotoxicity of MRTX1133 by inhibiting lipid peroxidation-induced ferroptosis. Knockdown of Mgst1 conferred sensitivity to the inhibitor [1]. In pancreatic cancer cells, genetic depletion of Mgst1 promoted ferroptosis, indicating its role as a redox-sensitive repressor of ferroptosis [2]. In glioma cells, Mgst1 expression was increased and its silencing downregulated the IC50 value of temozolomide (TMZ) and facilitated ferroptosis in TMZ-resistant cells, suggesting its role in conferring TMZ resistance [3].

In conclusion, Mgst1 is essential for embryonic development and hematopoiesis. In diseases like PDAC, pancreatic cancer, and glioma, Mgst1 plays a role in inhibiting ferroptosis, which is related to drug resistance. The study of Mgst1 knockout or knockdown models has provided insights into its function in these disease-related biological processes, helping to understand the mechanisms of disease occurrence and potentially providing new strategies for treatment.