Foxm1, or Forkhead box M1, is a key transcriptional regulator involved in numerous biological processes in mammals, such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, aging, immune regulation, development, and disease [2]. It acts through mediating transcription activation and inhibition and interacting with various transcriptional co-regulators, like MuvB complexes, STAT3, and β-catenin [4].

In cancer, Foxm1 is a critical molecule. It regulates multiple aspects of cancer cells, including growth, metastasis, recurrence, and stem cell features [1]. For example, in gastric cancer, RNF112-mediated ubiquitination of Foxm1 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of cancer cells [3]. Foxm1 also impacts the outcomes of targeted therapies, chemotherapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors in various cancer types [1].

In non-malignant diseases, Foxm1 expression is involved in the development or repair of multiple conditions, including pulmonary fibrosis, diabetes, and liver injury repair, through complex mechanisms involving multiple signaling pathways like WNT/β-catenin and STAT3/FOXM1/GLUT1 [4].

In conclusion, Foxm1 is a multifaceted transcriptional regulator with significant roles in both normal biological processes and disease conditions. Its study, especially through gene knockout (KO) or conditional knockout (CKO) mouse models as suggested in some of the research directions, could potentially lead to a better understanding of its functions and provide new therapeutic strategies for cancer and non-malignant diseases.