Gstm1, glutathione S-transferase M1, is an enzyme-encoding gene. The Gstm1-encoded enzyme is responsible for the detoxification of substances harmful to the human body, such as air pollution, drugs, pesticides, and tobacco [1].

In terms of disease associations, some meta-analyses suggest that the GSTM1 null genotype may not be associated with pre-eclampsia risk [2], renal cell carcinoma risk [3], basal and squamous cell carcinomas risk [4], or hypertension risk [5]. However, in Chinese populations, the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [6]. In Asians, the GSTM1 null genotype may be associated with a higher risk of oral cancer, and this effect may be modified by smoking status [7]. Also, in a meta-analysis, the GSTM1 null genotype was associated with the development of cervical cancer, especially in Chinese and Indian populations, and smoking modified this association [8].

In conclusion, Gstm1 plays a crucial role in the detoxification process. Research on its null genotype through meta-analyses of case-control studies has revealed its potential associations with various diseases, including lung, oral, and cervical cancers, indicating its significance in understanding disease susceptibility and the influence of genetic factors in different ethnic groups.