TMED1, also known as p24γ1, is a member of the transmembrane emp24 domain-containing (TMED) protein family. These proteins are crucial for intracellular protein transport, participating in the bidirectional transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus [1,3]. They are also involved in protein vesicular trafficking [2].

In C. elegans, tmed-1 (ortholog of human TMED1) belongs to the γ subfamily of TMED genes. tmed-1 and tmed-3 can compensate for each other, and their double mutants show defects in movement and vulva morphology, along with a delay in basement membrane breakdown during vulva development. This suggests a role for TMED1 in tissue reorganization during animal development [5]. In colorectal cancer (CRC), high expression of TMED1 is related to poor prognosis. Knocking down TMED1 reduces cell growth and increases apoptosis. Its expression is positively correlated with other TMED family members in CRC and is associated with immune cell infiltration and drug resistance [2]. Also, TMED1 associates with ST2L through its GOLD domain and the TIR domain of ST2L, and is required for optimal IL-33-induced IL-8 and IL-6 production, indicating its role in innate immune signaling [4].

In conclusion, TMED1 is essential for protein transport and vesicular trafficking. Studies in genetic models like C. elegans and in disease-relevant contexts such as CRC and innate immune signaling have revealed its roles in tissue development, cancer progression, and immune response regulation. These findings contribute to our understanding of normal biological processes and disease mechanisms, potentially paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies in related diseases.