Trmt10c, or tRNA methyltransferase 10C, is an enzyme involved in RNA modification. It can install N1-methyladenosine (m1A) in RNAs [1]. m1A modification is a post-transcriptional modification that plays pivotal roles in regulating various biological functions, such as cell invasion, proliferation, and cell cycle regulation in cancer [1]. It is also involved in mitochondrial pre-tRNA maturation, where the tRNA methyltransferase complex TRMT10C/SDR5C1 helps present pre-tRNA to maturation enzymes [3].

Several studies have explored its significance in diseases. In a seven-center case-control study, four polymorphisms in the TRMT10C gene were significantly associated with an increased risk of hepatoblastoma in Chinese children, suggesting that identifying more disease-causing loci may help predict individuals' hepatoblastoma predisposition [2]. In gynecological cancers, genetic alterations and dysregulated expressions of Trmt10c were observed. Silencing Trmt10C suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of ovarian and cervical cancer cells, indicating it contributes to the malignant behavior of these cancers and could be a potential therapeutic target [4].

In conclusion, Trmt10c is crucial for RNA modification, especially m1A modification, and is involved in important biological processes like mitochondrial pre-tRNA maturation. Its role in diseases such as hepatoblastoma and gynecological cancers has been demonstrated through genetic and functional studies. Understanding Trmt10c's function provides insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for these cancers.