Sfn, or Sulforaphane, is a phytocompound belonging to the isothiocyanate family. It is mainly present in sprouts of cruciferous vegetables. SFN is produced from glucoraphanin by the enzyme myrosinase. Characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, it is of great interest in biomedical research [1]. SFN has potential beneficial effects on various biological processes through pathways such as the Nrf2 pathway, and modulation of neuroinflammation and epigenetic mechanisms [2].

In the context of neurodegenerative diseases, SFN could potentially be used as a supplement to counteract diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis due to its beneficial effects [1]. In cervical cancer cells, SFN acts as a radiotherapy sensitizer by activating LATS2 and blocking the recruitment of Rad51/MDC1 to the DNA damage site, inhibiting the homologous recombination (HR) pathway [3]. In adipocytes, SFN induces lipophagy through the activation of the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway signaling, leading to partial lipolysis [4]. For psoriasis, SFN alleviates symptoms by enhancing antioxidant defense via KEAP1-NRF2 pathway activation and attenuating inflammatory signaling [5].

In conclusion, Sfn has diverse biological functions with potential applications in multiple disease areas. Research on Sfn, especially through in vivo studies and model-based research, has revealed its roles in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, adipocyte metabolism, and skin diseases. These findings contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and may provide new strategies for treatment.