Snw1, also known as Ski-interacting protein, is a nuclear receptor co-activator involved in multiple crucial biological processes. It participates in splicing and transcription control, including being associated with pathways like androgen receptor signaling, NF-κB pathway, and Notch signaling. It is also involved in cell-cycle progression, inflammatory responses, and antiviral innate immune responses [1,2,3,4].

In prostate cancer, overexpression of Snw1 is an independent prognostic marker, with stronger expression in TMPRSS2:ERG fusion-positive cancers. This indicates its potential clinical utility in prostate cancer prognosis [1].

In the NF-κB pathway, Snw1 detaches from its splicing complex upon NF-κB activation, binds to p-TEFb, and is indispensable for the transcriptional elongation of NF-κB target genes [2].

In neuroblastoma, Snw1 interacts with RBPJ to regulate the Notch signaling pathway, and both are upregulated, being associated with unfavorable patient outcomes [3].

Regarding antiviral innate immune responses, Snw1 positively regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFN responses against influenza A virus infection, promoting NF-κB activation and TBK1 phosphorylation by interacting with IKKγ [4].

In cardiac hypertrophy, Antrodia cinnamomea triterpenoids can upregulate ALDH2 expression via regulating the Snw1/RXR axis [5].

In vertebrate embryos, Snw1 is a critical regulator of spatial BMP activity, neural plate border formation, and neural crest specification [6].

In summary, Snw1 plays essential roles in various biological processes and diseases. Its functions in cancer prognosis, inflammation-related pathways, antiviral immunity, cardiac hypertrophy, and embryonic development have been revealed through multiple studies. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the biological functions of Snw1 and provide potential therapeutic targets for related diseases.