Ptgs1, also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 or cyclooxygenase (COX) 1, is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid. It participates in multiple physiological processes, including maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal tract, regulating platelet function, and is involved in inflammatory and immune responses [1].

In the context of disease, in prostate cancer, androgen deprivation-induced ZBTB46-PTGS1 signaling promotes neuroendocrine differentiation [2]. Polymorphisms in PTGS1 are associated with various diseases. For instance, the PTGS1 rs1330344 CC genotype contributes to the susceptibility to Kawasaki disease in southern Chinese children [3]. In chronic myeloid leukemia cells, the proto-oncogene EVI1 upregulates PTGS1, reducing the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and combined inhibition of PTGS1 and BCR-ABL may be a new therapeutic approach [4]. In non-small cell lung cancer, inhibiting PTGS1 with dihydroartemisinin potentiates cisplatin-induced cell death [5]. Also, inhibition of PTGS1 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by suppressing NF-κB signaling [6]. Genetic variations in PTGS1 are associated with osteoporosis and benign breast tumors in Korean women [7], and PTGS1 polymorphisms are related to the recurrence of ischemic stroke in aspirin-treated Chinese patients [8]. In Chinese Han stroke patients on aspirin therapy, PTGS1 polymorphisms interact with smoking to affect functional outcomes [9].

In summary, Ptgs1 is crucial for maintaining normal physiological functions and is closely associated with the development and progression of multiple diseases. Research on Ptgs1, especially through genetic models, has provided insights into disease mechanisms, offering potential directions for the development of new therapeutic strategies in areas such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis.

References:

1. Bjarnason, Ingvar, Scarpignato, Carmelo, Holmgren, Erik, Rainsford, Kim D, Lanas, Angel. 2017. Mechanisms of Damage to the Gastrointestinal Tract From Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. In Gastroenterology, 154, 500-514. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.049. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29221664/

2. Chen, Wei-Yu, Zeng, Tao, Wen, Yu-Chng, Huang, Jiaoti, Liu, Yen-Nien. 2018. Androgen deprivation-induced ZBTB46-PTGS1 signaling promotes neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer. In Cancer letters, 440-441, 35-46. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30312731/

3. Zheng, Hao, Fu, Lanyan, Xu, Yufen, Pi, Lei, Gu, Xiaoqiong. 2022. The PTGS1 (rs1330344) CC Genotype Contributes to Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease in Southern Chinese Children. In Angiology, 74, 832-839. doi:10.1177/00033197221118343. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36056535/

4. Vinothkumar, Kittappa, Chanda, Sayantan, Singh, Vivek Kumar, Biswas, Ghanashyam, Chakraborty, Soumen. 2022. EVI1 upregulates PTGS1 (COX1) and decreases the action of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. In International journal of hematology, 117, 110-120. doi:10.1007/s12185-022-03465-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36282419/

5. Ni, Lianli, Zhu, Xinping, Zhao, Qi, Cui, Ri, Zhu, Wangyu. 2024. Dihydroartemisinin, a potential PTGS1 inhibitor, potentiated cisplatin-induced cell death in non-small cell lung cancer through activating ROS-mediated multiple signaling pathways. In Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 51, 100991. doi:10.1016/j.neo.2024.100991. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38507887/

6. Wang, Yuejun, Liu, Yunsong, Zhang, Min, Zhang, Ping, Zhou, Yongsheng. 2019. Inhibition of PTGS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells by suppressing NF-kB signaling. In Stem cell research & therapy, 10, 57. doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1167-3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30760327/

7. Cho, Hye-Won, Jin, Hyun-Seok, Eom, Yong-Bin. 2021. MYLK and PTGS1 Genetic Variations Associated with Osteoporosis and Benign Breast Tumors in Korean Women. In Genes, 12, . doi:10.3390/genes12030378. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33800915/

8. Zhang, Linlin, Meng, Zhongru, Wang, Hongxia, Miao, Yang. . Effect of PEAR1, PTGS1 gene polymorphisms on the recurrence of aspirin-treated patients with ischemic stroke in the Han population of China: A 4-year follow-up study. In Medicine, 103, e38031. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000038031. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38728491/

9. Cai, Huan, Cai, Biyang, Sun, Lingli, Zhang, Zhizhong, Liu, Xinfeng. 2017. Association between PTGS1 polymorphisms and functional outcomes in Chinese patients with stroke during aspirin therapy: Interaction with smoking. In Journal of the neurological sciences, 376, 211-215. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28431615/