Ado can refer to multiple things. It may stand for adenosine, a purinergic signaling molecule that modulates many physiological and pathological functions in the brain. Neuronal activity-induced extracellular Ado elevation is due to direct Ado release from somatodendritic compartments of neurons in the hippocampus, depending on equilibrative nucleoside transporters [2].

Ado may also refer to 2-Aminoethanethiol dioxygenase. ADO is a thiol dioxygenase that sulfinylates cysteamine and amino-terminal cysteines in polypeptides. ADO depletion in cancer cells led to loss of proliferative capacity and survival, as well as reduced xenograft growth, due to toxic levels of polyamines, mitochondrial hyperactivity, and ROS production. In contrast, ADO knockout mice showed high tolerance for ADO depletion in adult tissues [1].

In summary, Ado in the form of adenosine is involved in neuronal signaling, while as 2-Aminoethanethiol dioxygenase, it plays a role in cancer cell metabolism and redox homeostasis. The use of gene knockout mouse models has helped to reveal the differential roles of ADO in cancer cells and adult tissues [1,2].

References:

1. Lee, Sandy Che-Eun S, Pyo, Andrea Hye An, Mohammadi, Helia, Jones, Courtney L, Koritzinsky, Marianne. 2024. Cysteamine dioxygenase (ADO) governs cancer cell mitochondrial redox homeostasis through proline metabolism. In Science advances, 10, eadq0355. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq0355. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39356760/

2. Wu, Zhaofa, Cui, Yuting, Wang, Huan, Luo, Minmin, Li, Yulong. 2023. Neuronal activity-induced, equilibrative nucleoside transporter-dependent, somatodendritic adenosine release revealed by a GRAB sensor. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120, e2212387120. doi:10.1073/pnas.2212387120. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36996110/