Pglyrp3, a peptidoglycan recognition protein, is an innate immunity protein with bactericidal properties. It functions in antibacterial innate immunity, recognizes bacterial peptidoglycan, and is involved in anti-inflammatory processes, with its expression regulated by the transcription factor PPARγ [1,3]. It may play a role in maintaining the gut microbiome and is associated with pathways like NF-κB signaling [1,2,3,4]. Genetic models such as knockout mice are valuable for studying its functions.

In Pglyrp3 knockout mice, when combined with Nod2 deficiency, there is higher sensitivity to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis, including decreased survival, more weight loss, increased intestinal bleeding, higher apoptosis of colonic mucosa, and altered gut microbiome, indicating Pglyrp3's role in maintaining gut homeostasis and protecting against colitis [5]. Also, Pglyrp3 knockout mice showed that the protein facilitates recognition of bifidobacterial cell wall-derived peptidoglycan, and its absence affects the alleviation of meta-inflammation by bifidobacteria in DSS-induced colitis models [2].

In conclusion, Pglyrp3 is crucial for maintaining gut homeostasis and has a protective role against colitis. Gene knockout mouse models have significantly contributed to understanding its role in gut-related diseases, revealing its importance in modulating the gut microbiome and inflammatory responses in the context of colitis.

References:

1. Hyder, Ayman. 2018. PGlyRP3 concerts with PPARγ to attenuate DSS-induced colitis in mice. In International immunopharmacology, 67, 46-53. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30530168/

2. Ghadimi, Darab, de Vrese, Michael, Ebsen, Michael, Heller, Knut J, Bockelmann, Wilhelm. 2020. Study on the additive protective effect of PGLYRP3 and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963 on severity of DSS-induced colitis in Pglyrp3 knockout (Pglyrp3 -/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. In Immunobiology, 226, 152028. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152028. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33242664/

3. Zenhom, Marwa, Hyder, Ayman, Kraus-Stojanowic, Ina, Roeder, Thomas, Schrezenmeir, Jürgen. 2010. PPARγ-dependent peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 (PGlyRP3) expression regulates proinflammatory cytokines by microbial and dietary fatty acids. In Immunobiology, 216, 715-24. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2010.10.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21176858/

4. Zenhom, Marwa, Hyder, Ayman, de Vrese, Michael, Roeder, Thomas, Schrezenmeir, Jürgen. 2011. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 (PglyRP3) has an anti-inflammatory role in intestinal epithelial cells. In Immunobiology, 217, 412-9. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2011.10.013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22099350/

5. Jing, Xuefang, Zulfiqar, Fareeha, Park, Shin Yong, Dziarski, Roman, Gupta, Dipika. 2014. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 and Nod2 synergistically protect mice from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. In Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 193, 3055-69. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1301548. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25114103/