Cpsf1, also known as cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 1, is a critical factor involved in alternative polyadenylation (APA), a common RNA modification process. It plays a role in the 3' untranslated region processing of a subset of pre-mRNAs, which is essential for normal gene expression regulation and various biological processes [5]. It is associated with multiple pathways such as the MAPK/ERK pathway [1].

In various disease models, Cpsf1 shows diverse functions. In a diabetic retinopathy model, down-regulation of Cpsf1 was observed in diabetic tissues and high-glucose-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cells. Up-regulation of Cpsf1 alleviated apoptosis and migration via the MAPK/ERK pathway [1]. In Caenorhabditis elegans, circ-CPSF1 (a circular RNA related to Cpsf1) was found to have deleterious effects on lifespan, eggs production and germ cell apoptosis through oxidative stress after ionizing radiation [2]. In gastric cancer, Cpsf1 is up-regulated, and its depletion weakened cell proliferation and metastasis. Cpsf1 positively regulates NSDHL by APA to promote cancer progression [3]. In prostate cancer, Cpsf1 is up-regulated in advanced cases, and its knockdown inhibited cell growth, reduced glycolytic output, and led to widespread use of intergenic poly(A) sites [4].

In conclusion, Cpsf1 is essential for regulating gene expression through APA and is involved in multiple biological processes and disease conditions. Studies using different models, including disease-specific cell models and animal models like zebrafish and C. elegans, have revealed its role in diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, radiation-induced injury, and various cancers, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets.