Itgb1, also known as Integrin beta1, is a gene encoding a protein that is a key component of integrin complexes. Integrins play essential roles in cell adhesion, tissue repair, immune response, and tumor metastasis. They are involved in multiple signaling pathways, such as the FAK and NF-κB pathways [2,3]. Itgb1 is widely expressed in epithelial cells and promotes cell adhesion and growth, making it biologically important in various physiological and pathological processes [6].

In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), knockdown of Itgb1 reduces clonogenic survival, cell viability, and increases apoptosis post-irradiation. It also enhances radiation-induced DNA damage and G2/M phase arrest, suggesting its role in radioresistance [1]. In ovarian cancer, ALKBH5 overexpression increases Itgb1 expression through m6A demethylation in Itgb1 mRNA, enhancing tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis [3]. In osteoarthritis, Itgb1 is down-regulated, and its overexpression attenuates pathological damage and apoptosis by activating the cAMP pathway [4]. In gastric cancer, high Itgb1 expression is correlated with deep invasion, advanced clinical stage, and poor prognosis, and is associated with immune suppression [5]. In esophageal adenocarcinoma, high Itgb1 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis and impaired overall survival, especially in patients without prior neoadjuvant therapy [6]. In diffuse gastric cancer, higher Itgb1 expression is associated with worse prognosis, and reduced Itgb1 expression inhibits cell proliferation and motility [7]. In osteosarcoma, ZCCHC4 promotes progression by up-regulating Itgb1 [8].

In conclusion, Itgb1 is a crucial gene involved in cell adhesion, growth, and multiple disease-related processes. Studies on Itgb1, especially through gene-knockdown or over-expression models, have revealed its significant roles in cancer progression, radio-and chemo-resistance, as well as in non-cancerous diseases like osteoarthritis. These findings provide potential therapeutic targets for treating related diseases.