C57BL/6JCya-Oprd1em1flox/Cya
Common Name:
Oprd1-flox
Product ID:
S-CKO-04117
Background:
C57BL/6JCya
Product Type
Age
Genotype
Sex
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Basic Information
Strain Name
Oprd1-flox
Strain ID
CKOCMP-18386-Oprd1-B6J-VA
Gene Name
Product ID
S-CKO-04117
Gene Alias
DOR; DOR-1; Nbor; mDOR
Background
C57BL/6JCya
NCBI ID
Modification
Conditional knockout
Chromosome
4
Phenotype
Document
Application
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Note: When using this mouse strain in a publication, please cite “C57BL/6JCya-Oprd1em1flox/Cya mice (Catalog S-CKO-04117) were purchased from Cyagen.”
Strain Description
Ensembl Number
ENSMUST00000056336
NCBI RefSeq
NM_013622
Target Region
Exon 2
Size of Effective Region
~1.5 kb
Detailed Document
Overview of Gene Research
OPRD1 encodes the delta-opioid receptor, which has multiple functions including regulating reward pathways [1]. This receptor is a key component in the body's opioid-related physiological processes, and its associated pathways play a significant role in the body's response to various stimuli. Genetic models, such as gene knockout models, can be valuable in further exploring the gene's functions.
The OPRD1 gene contains over 2,000 verified genetic variants, with rs1042114 disrupting receptor maturation and rs569356 affecting its expression [1]. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with multiple human diseases. For instance, three variants in intron 1 (rs2236861, rs2236857, and rs3766951) are associated with opioid addiction in several independent populations [1]. A haplotype block containing rs569356 and rs533123 is associated with anorexia, though the mechanisms are unknown [1]. Rs1042114 has been linked to Alzheimer's disease, as the variant allele reduces production of beta-amyloid plaques [1]. Additionally, OPRD1 rs569356 affects plasma norbuprenorphine levels and craving/withdrawal symptoms in opioid-use-disorder patients [2]. Some OPRD1 intronic variants associated with opioid addiction are cis-eQTLs for PHACTR4, a gene involved in cytoskeletal dynamics [3]. In Han Chinese heroin-dependent patients, the rs2234918 minor C allele is over-represented in the HD group, and rs2236857 T/T homozygotes have more severe stress [4]. The rs678849 variant influences the outcome of disulfiram treatment for cocaine dependency in methadone-maintained patients [5]. And certain OPRD1 SNPs and a specific haplotype are associated with heroin dependence [6].
In conclusion, OPRD1 plays a crucial role in regulating reward pathways and is associated with various human diseases such as opioid addiction, anorexia, and Alzheimer's disease. Research using genetic models, especially when considering its genetic polymorphisms, can help in understanding its role in these disease conditions, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies for these disorders.
References：
1. Crist, Richard C, Clarke, Toni-Kim. . OPRD1 Genetic Variation and Human Disease. In Handbook of experimental pharmacology, 247, 131-145. doi:10.1007/164_2016_112. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28035534/
2. Kaya-Akyüzlü, Dilek, Özkan-Kotiloğlu, Selin, Danışman, Mustafa, Oğur, Begüm, İspir, Gamze Zengin. 2023. OPRD1 rs569356 polymorphism has an effect on plasma norbuprenorphine levels and dose/kg-normalized norbuprenorphine values in individuals with opioid use disorder. In Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 100, 104143. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2023.104143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37146669/
3. Levran, Orna, Randesi, Matthew, Adelson, Miriam, Kreek, Mary Jeanne. 2021. OPRD1 SNPs associated with opioid addiction are cis-eQTLs for the phosphatase and actin regulator 4 gene, PHACTR4, a mediator of cytoskeletal dynamics. In Translational psychiatry, 11, 316. doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01439-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34031368/
4. Huang, Chang-Chih, Kuo, Shin-Chang, Yeh, Ta-Chuan, Ho, Pei-Shen, Huang, San-Yuan. 2018. OPRD1 gene affects disease vulnerability and environmental stress in patients with heroin dependence in Han Chinese. In Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 89, 109-116. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.028. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30171993/
5. Thomas, Patrick S, Nielsen, Ellen M, Spellicy, Catherine J, Kosten, Thomas R, Nielsen, David A. . The OPRD1 rs678849 variant influences outcome of disulfiram treatment for cocaine dependency in methadone-maintained patients. In Psychiatric genetics, 31, 88-94. doi:10.1097/YPG.0000000000000279. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33953123/
6. Nelson, Elliot C, Lynskey, Michael T, Heath, Andrew C, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W. 2012. Association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with heroin dependence in a large case-control series. In Addiction biology, 19, 111-21. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00445.x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22500942/
Quality Control Standard
Sperm Test
Pre-cryopreservation: Measurement of sperm concentration, determination of sperm viability.
Post-cryopreservation: A vial of cryopreserved sperms is selected for in-vitro fertilization from each batch.
Environmental Standards:SPF
Available Region:Global
Source:Cyagen