Eif5a2, the eukaryotic initiation factor 5A2 gene, is a highly conserved and multifunctional gene. It significantly influences various cellular processes such as translation elongation, RNA binding, ribosome binding, protein binding, and post-translational modifications. It is involved in multiple molecular pathways, and its overexpression is frequently observed in multiple cancers, where it functions as an oncoprotein [1].

Eif5a2 has been studied in various cell lines related to different cancers. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), high levels of Eif5a2 may activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and upregulate Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, MMP2, and MMP9 to promote ICC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion [2]. In epithelial ovarian cancer cells, knockdown of Eif5a2 reduces the expression of stem-related markers, inhibits self-renewal ability, improves sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, and inhibits tumorigenesis in vivo, with the mechanism involving the E2F1/KLF4 axis [3]. In cervical cancer cells, Eif5a2 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, promotes apoptosis, and enhances sensitivity to cisplatin, and this is related to the modulation of AGR2 [4]. In bladder cancer cells, Eif5a2 promotes doxorubicin resistance through the TGF-β signaling pathway [5]. In oral cancer cells, targeting Eif5a2 reduces invasion and migration, promotes cell apoptosis, inhibits cell survival, and increases chemosensitivity [6]. In prostate cancer cells, targeting Eif5a2 inhibits cell invasion, migration, proliferation, increases cell apoptosis in vitro, and inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo [7].

In conclusion, Eif5a2 plays crucial roles in multiple cellular processes and is significantly associated with tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and cell aging. Studies targeting Eif5a2 in different cancer cell models have revealed its important functions in promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. These findings suggest that Eif5a2 could be a potential therapeutic target in various cancer treatments.