Piezo1, or Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1, is a mechanosensitive ion channel. It is essential in cardiovascular, lung, urinary, and immune functions, and widely distributed in human tissues. Piezo1 functions by transducing mechanical signals into cellular responses, often involving calcium influx, and is associated with various pathways like the calcium/calpain2/integrin β1 pathway [1,2]. Understanding its function helps in identifying physiological roles in different organ systems, and genetic models such as KO/CKO mouse models are valuable for its study.

In multiple disease conditions, Piezo1 has been shown to play significant roles. In kidney fibrosis, its inhibition with GsMTx4 ameliorated fibrosis in mouse models with unilateral ureter obstruction or folic acid treatment, suggesting its involvement in the progression of kidney fibrosis likely through the calcium/calpain2/integrin β1 pathway [2].

In lymphatic growth, Piezo1 knockdown in lymphatic endothelial cells inhibited laminar flow-induced calcium influx and blocked the regulation of downstream genes involved in lymphatic sprouting. Lymphatic-specific conditional Piezo1 knockout mice showed sprouting defects similar to Orai1-or Klf2-knockout lymphatics during embryo development, indicating its role in flow-activated lymphatic expansion [3].

In astrocytes, Piezo1 deletion led to reduced hippocampal volume, impaired adult neurogenesis, and cognitive deficits in mice, highlighting its importance in regulating adult neurogenesis and cognitive functions [4].

In ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction, TDRG-specific Piezo1 knockdown or deletion in mice lessened the severity of ventricular remodeling and decreased IL-6 levels, revealing its role in the neurogenic inflammatory cascade that exacerbates ventricular remodeling [5].

In conclusion, Piezo1 is crucial for various biological processes and its dysregulation is associated with multiple disease conditions. Studies using KO/CKO mouse models have provided key insights into its role in kidney fibrosis, lymphatic growth, adult neurogenesis, and ventricular remodeling, which can potentially guide the development of therapeutic strategies for these diseases.