Prr11, short for Proline rich 11, is a proline-rich protein coding gene located on chromosome 17q22-23. Initially linked to cell-cycle progression, it is now known to play crucial roles in multiple cellular processes such as proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, autophagy, and chemotherapy resistance via various signaling pathways in several solid tumors [1].

In glioblastoma, depletion of Prr11 significantly sensitizes cells to temozolomide by inducing ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Prr11 binds to and stabilizes dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), leading to ferroptosis-resistant glioma [2].

In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), Prr11 silencing reduces cell proliferation and migration in vitro and in vivo. Prr11 induces degradation of the E2F1 protein, affecting cell-cycle progression, and is a target gene of c-Myc [3].

In bladder urothelial carcinoma, high Prr11 expression is associated with poor outcomes and correlates with tumor mutational burden and immune cell infiltration [4].

In early pregnancy, Prr11 promotes trophoblast cell motility by binding to the ARP2/3 complex [5].

In pan-cancer, interfering with Prr11 inhibits cell proliferation and migration, and Prr11 influences cell-cycle progression by regulating PTTG1 expression through interaction with E2F1 [6].

In colorectal cancer, Prr11 silencing suppresses cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumor growth by inhibiting the EGFR/ERK/AKT pathway via restraining CTHRC1 expression [7].

In pancreatic cancer, high Prr11 protein expression is associated with adverse clinicopathological features and shorter overall survival [8].

In glioma, Prr11 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic predictor, and its knockdown suppresses cell viability, migration, and cell-cycle progression, and induces apoptosis and autophagy [9].

In non-small cell lung cancer cells, Prr11 recruits the ARP2/3 complex to promote filopodia formation, focal adhesion turnover, and cell motility [10].

In conclusion, Prr11 is a key gene involved in multiple cellular processes and is associated with various malignancies. Studies on Prr11, especially through loss-of-function experiments, have revealed its significance in tumorigenesis, chemotherapy resistance, and immune-related aspects in different cancer types, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.