AGMAT, also known as agmatinase, is an enzyme involved in the polyamine synthesis pathway. In the non-classical polyamine synthesis pathway, it hydrolyzes agmatine, which is converted from arginine by arginine decarboxylase, to form putrescine [2]. Polyamines are essential for processes such as cell division, proliferation, and embryonic development [2].

In the context of diseases, in vivo knockdown of translation of mRNAs for both ornithine decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) and AGMAT in sheep during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy led to abnormal conceptuses and a reduced pregnancy rate. This also increased the expression of genes related to polyamine synthesis and transport [4].

In colorectal carcinoma, miR-151a-5p was found to promote cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting AGMAT, and AGMAT was positively associated with miR-151a-5p expression [1].

In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, AGMAT was overexpressed, and its overexpression promoted cell proliferation and metastasis through activation of the TGFβ/Smad pathway [5].

In esophageal adenocarcinoma, AGMAT was overexpressed at the protein level with a proposed EAC-selective, post-transcriptional mechanism of regulation of protein abundance [3].

In rats, overexpression of AGMAT in the ventral hippocampus elicited depressive-and anxiety-like behaviors, while knockdown of AGMAT exhibited antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in a chronic restraint stress model [6].

In conclusion, AGMAT plays a crucial role in polyamine synthesis and is involved in various biological processes and disease conditions. Studies in animal models, such as in sheep during pregnancy and rats under stress, as well as in cancer research, have revealed its significance in embryonic development, cancer progression, and psychiatric disorders. Understanding AGMAT's functions provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of these biological processes and diseases, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies.