Gadd45g, also known as growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma, is a member of the GADD45 family. It plays a crucial role in regulating numerous cellular processes associated with stress signaling, injury response, and DNA damage response [3]. It has been implicated in pathways such as RAC2-PAK1-PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and is also related to DNA demethylation processes [1,4,5].

In a murine model, Gadd45g insufficiency in the hematopoietic system led to enhanced growth and self-renewal of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells, and development of phenotypes resembling myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), indicating its role in MPN pathogenesis [1]. In another study, genetic deficiency of Gadd45g in adult mice decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, contributing to spatial memory decline and depression-like behaviors [4]. Also, knockdown of Gadd45g in mouse embryonic stem cells could delay their differentiation [5].

In conclusion, Gadd45g is essential for processes like timely gene expression (such as Sry in XY gonads), cell differentiation, and neural development. Its deficiency in KO mouse models has revealed its significance in diseases like MPNs and in behavioral phenotypes related to depression. Understanding Gadd45g through these models provides insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets [1,2,4].