Il1b, also known as interleukin-1β, is a key cytokine in the inflammatory response. It is essential for the host-response to pathogens but can exacerbate damage in chronic diseases and acute tissue injury. IL-1β is secreted upon inflammasome activation, inducing an innate immune response [2,3].

In PD-1 inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis (PD-1-IA), there is a predominant expansion of IL1Bhi myeloid cells with enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activity, which may communicate with exhausted CD8+ T cells. This indicates distinct cellular and molecular pathways in PD-1-IA compared to rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting IL1Bhi macrophages could be a therapeutic target [1]. D-mannose suppresses LPS-induced Il1b expression in macrophages by impairing glucose metabolism and suppressing succinate-mediated HIF-1α activation, and in vivo, it improves survival in endotoxemia and reduces colitis progression [4]. BaP/BPDE exposure up-regulates lnc-HZ06-regulated IL1B in trophoblast cells, which suppresses cell migration/invasion and increases apoptosis, and knockdown of murine Il1b alleviates miscarriage in BaP-exposed mice [5].

In conclusion, Il1b plays a crucial role in inflammation-related biological processes. Studies in disease models such as PD-1-IA, endotoxemia, colitis, and miscarriage have shown its significance in these disease conditions, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target in certain inflammatory diseases and pregnancy-related disorders.

References:

1. Zhou, Ziyue, Zhou, Xiaoxiang, Jiang, Xu, Yang, Huaxia, Zhang, Xuan. 2024. Single-cell profiling identifies IL1Bhi macrophages associated with inflammation in PD-1 inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis. In Nature communications, 15, 2107. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46195-x. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38453911/

2. Lopez-Castejon, Gloria, Brough, David. 2011. Understanding the mechanism of IL-1β secretion. In Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 22, 189-95. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.10.001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22019906/

3. Voet, Sofie, Srinivasan, Sahana, Lamkanfi, Mohamed, van Loo, Geert. . Inflammasomes in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. In EMBO molecular medicine, 11, . doi:10.15252/emmm.201810248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31015277/

4. Torretta, Simone, Scagliola, Alessandra, Ricci, Luisa, Ryan, Kevin M, Cardaci, Simone. 2020. D-mannose suppresses macrophage IL-1β production. In Nature communications, 11, 6343. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20164-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33311467/

5. Guo, Jiarong, Zhao, Jingsong, Tian, Peng, Yang, Yang, Zhang, Huidong. 2024. BaP/BPDE exposure causes human trophoblast cell dysfunctions and induces miscarriage by up-regulating lnc-HZ06-regulated IL1B. In Journal of hazardous materials, 476, 134741. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134741. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38991640/