Dlgap1, also known as Discs, Large (Drosophila) Homolog-Associated Protein 1, plays a role in negatively regulating the browning of white fat cells. It influences this process by affecting cell proliferation and apoptosis in both white and brown fat cells. This regulation is crucial for maintaining metabolic balance as the browning of white fat can effectively treat obesity and related diseases [9].

Long non-coding RNAs DLGAP1-AS1 and DLGAP1-AS2, which are related to Dlgap1, act as oncogenes in multiple cancers. DLGAP1-AS1 is highly expressed in various tumors like GC, BC, HCC, glioblastoma, and CRC, while DLGAP1-AS2 is highly expressed in LC, RC, HCC, GC, glioma, and CCA, and both are strongly associated with a poor prognosis. In CRC, DLGAP1-AS2 promotes cancer progression by trans-activating Myc [1,2]. In squamous cell carcinoma, DLGAP1-AS2 confers chemoresistance through regulating lipid signaling [3]. In breast cancer, it promotes estrogen receptor signaling and tamoxifen resistance [4]. In NSCLC, it promotes tumorigenesis via m6A/c-Myc-dependent aerobic glycolysis and regulates miR-503/cyclin D1 to promote cell proliferation [5,8]. In glioma, it modulates glioma development by up-regulating YAP1 expression [6]. In glioblastoma, DLGAP1-AS1 accelerates cell proliferation through targeting miR-515-5p/ROCK1/NFE2L1 axis and activating Wnt signaling pathway [7].

In summary, Dlgap1 is involved in the regulation of white fat cell browning, playing an important role in metabolism-related processes. The associated lncRNAs, DLGAP1-AS1 and DLGAP1-AS2, are key players in multiple cancer-related processes, highlighting the importance of studying Dlgap1 and its related RNAs in understanding both metabolic and cancer-related diseases.

References:

1. Zhao, Fangnan, Tan, Fangshun, Tang, Lu, Zhou, Gang, Yuan, Chengfu. . Long Non-coding RNA DLGAP1-AS1 and DLGAP1-AS2: Two Novel Oncogenes in Multiple Cancers. In Current medicinal chemistry, 30, 2822-2834. doi:10.2174/0929867329666220919114919. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36121088/

2. Ren, Chunfeng, Han, Hongbin, Pan, Jingjing, Guo, Xiaobing, Bian, Jing. 2022. DLGAP1-AS2 promotes human colorectal cancer progression through trans-activation of Myc. In Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society, 33, 672-683. doi:10.1007/s00335-022-09963-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36222892/

3. Nan, Yabing, Luo, Qingyu, Wu, Xiaowei, Zhou, Aiping, Liu, Zhihua. . DLGAP1-AS2-Mediated Phosphatidic Acid Synthesis Activates YAP Signaling and Confers Chemoresistance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Cancer research, 82, 2887-2903. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-22-0717. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35731019/

4. Liang, Xiaoli, Zhao, Yang, Fang, Zeng, Yu, Liang, Shi, Yawei. 2022. DLGAP1-AS2 promotes estrogen receptor signalling and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. In Molecular biology reports, 49, 3939-3947. doi:10.1007/s11033-022-07244-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35449318/

5. Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Yu, Chen, Hui, Wang, Chang-Li, Zhang, Zhen-Fa. 2022. METTL3-induced DLGAP1-AS2 promotes non-small cell lung cancer tumorigenesis through m6A/c-Myc-dependent aerobic glycolysis. In Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 21, 2602-2614. doi:10.1080/15384101.2022.2105885. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35972892/

6. Miao, Wei, Li, Ning, Gu, Bin, Su, Zheng, Cheng, Huilin. . LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 modulates glioma development by up-regulating YAP1 expression. In Journal of biochemistry, 167, 411-418. doi:10.1093/jb/mvz108. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31899508/

7. Wang, Zixuan, Han, Yipeng, Li, Qifeng, Wang, Baocheng, Ma, Jie. 2021. LncRNA DLGAP1-AS1 accelerates glioblastoma cell proliferation through targeting miR-515-5p/ROCK1/NFE2L1 axis and activating Wnt signaling pathway. In Brain and behavior, 11, e2321. doi:10.1002/brb3.2321. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536977/

8. Wang, Lu, Tang, Lei, Ge, Tengfei, Qian, Peng, Xu, Ning. 2021. LncRNA DLGAP1-AS2 regulates miR-503/cyclin D1 to promote cell proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer. In BMC pulmonary medicine, 21, 277. doi:10.1186/s12890-021-01633-0. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34454450/

9. Zhang, Ju, Yang, Jie, Yang, Nan, Liu, Dongjun, Cang, Ming. 2020. Dlgap1 negatively regulates browning of white fat cells through effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In Lipids in health and disease, 19, 39. doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01230-w. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32169116/