ASAP1, an ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase activation protein, has multiple functions including regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, small GTP - binding protein receptor recycling, and intracellular vesicle trafficking [5]. It is involved in pathways such as the IQGAP1/CDC42 pathway, which is related to tumor progression and chemotherapy resistance [1]. It also has a role in actin stress fiber organization via its N - BAR domain, contributing to cell migration, spreading, and focal adhesion dynamics [8].

In gastric cancer, ASAP1 upregulation promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance by inhibiting IQGAP1 ubiquitination and activating the CDC42 - EGFR - MAPK pathway [1]. In glioblastoma, EIF4A3 - induced circular RNA ASAP1 promotes tumorigenesis and temozolomide resistance via the NRAS/MEK1/ERK1 - 2 signaling pathway [2]. In invasive breast cancer, low ASAP1 expression is associated with worse recurrence - free survival, especially in ER - positive cases [3]. In hepatocellular carcinoma, high ASAP1 expression is linked to aggressive clinicopathological features and poor outcomes [4]. In zebrafish, Asap1 affects susceptibility to Mycobacterium by regulating macrophage migration [5]. In NSCLC, lncRNA ASAP1 - IT1 enhances cancer cell stemness via the miR - 509 - 3p/YAP1 axis [6]. In the MMTV - PyMT model of luminal breast cancer, loss of ASAP1 activates AKT, accelerates tumorigenesis, and promotes metastasis [7]. In extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, ASAP1 promotes tumor development by regulating the Wnt/β - catenin pathway [9]. In gastric cancer, high expression of ASAP1 is associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, pathological stage, and poor survival, and is positively associated with FAK expression [10].

In conclusion, ASAP1 plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes, especially in tumor - related events such as tumor progression, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance across various cancer types. Studies using different models, including zebrafish and mouse models, have provided insights into its functions in disease conditions, highlighting its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target.