Rrbp1, also known as P180, is a ribosome-binding transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum. It plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes. It is involved in regulating local translation in axons, with axonal endoplasmic reticulum tubules controlling local translation via Rrbp1-mediated ribosome interactions, which is important for neuron development [1]. Additionally, it participates in the mitophagy pathway, as mitochondrial protein import stress can trigger LC3 lipidation through NLRX1 and Rrbp1 [2,8].

In disease-related research, Rrbp1 has been implicated in various cancers. In upper tract urothelial carcinoma, gene body hypomethylation of Rrbp1 is associated with high expression, tumor malignancy, and chemoresistance [3]. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, it drives cisplatin-resistance by regulating the Hippo pathway [4]. In bladder, prostate, and epithelial ovarian cancers, high Rrbp1 expression is related to tumor stage, metastasis, and poor prognosis [5,9,10]. In bone metastatic cancer cells, depletion of Rrbp1 enhances the osteoblastic phenotype expression [6]. In prostate cancer, METTL3 stabilizes Rrbp1 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner, and inhibition of METTL3 can suppress cancer cell proliferation [7].

In conclusion, Rrbp1 is essential for normal neuron development and is involved in mitophagy. In the context of cancer, Rrbp1 plays significant roles in tumor malignancy, metastasis, and chemoresistance across multiple cancer types. The study of Rrbp1 using gene-knockout or conditional-knockout models, though not explicitly detailed in all references, would further clarify its functions in these biological processes and disease conditions, providing potential therapeutic targets for related diseases.