Zdhhc24, a palmitoyl-transferase, plays a crucial role in palmitoylation processes. Palmitoylation is an important post-translational modification that can affect protein localization, stability, and function. Zdhhc24 is associated with multiple biological pathways, such as those related to cellular metabolism and innate immunity [1,2].

In studies, Zdhhc24 knockout mice were utilized to explore its functions. In the context of liver tumorigenesis, Zdhhc24 along with Zdhhc17 was found to palmitoylate AKT. A high-fat diet promoted AKT kinase activity via this palmitoylation, contributing to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver cancer development [1]. In antiviral innate immunity, Zdhhc24 catalyzes the palmitoylation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), enhancing the TBK1-IRF3-interferon (IFN) pathway and antiviral immune responses, especially under conditions like PA stimulation or in high-fat-diet-fed mouse models [2].

In conclusion, Zdhhc24 is essential for palmitoylation-mediated regulation in key biological processes. The use of Zdhhc24 knockout mouse models has revealed its significance in liver tumorigenesis and antiviral innate immunity, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of these disease-related processes and potentially guiding the development of new therapeutic strategies.