Pi4ka, also known as Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα, is a lipid kinase that generates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), a membrane phospholipid crucial for multiple cell types' physiology [1]. PI4ka's role in PI4P generation requires its assembly into a heterotetrameric complex with EFR3, TTC7, and FAM126 [1]. It functions at the plasma membrane, regulating lipid transport and PLC and PI3K signalling pathways [3].

Biallelic Pi4ka sequence alterations in humans are associated with a variety of disorders. These include neurological diseases such as hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple intestinal atresia, and combined immunodeficiency [1]. In B-cells, biallelic Pi4ka mutations disrupt metabolism, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, B-cell lymphopenia, and hypogammaglobulinemia [2]. High expression of Pi4ka is observed in drug-resistant leukemia cells, and its depletion sensitizes these cells to chemotherapeutic drugs [4].

In conclusion, Pi4ka is essential for generating PI4P and regulating key cellular processes. Research on Pi4ka, especially through studying its mutations in human diseases, has revealed its significant role in neurological, intestinal, immunological conditions, and leukemia. Understanding Pi4ka provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and potential therapeutic strategies.