Fbxo24, an F-box protein, is involved in multiple biological processes. It plays a role in the ubiquitination-proteasome pathway, targeting specific proteins for degradation, which is crucial for maintaining normal cellular functions. This gene is associated with pathways related to spermatogenesis, cancer development, and immune responses [1-8]. Genetic models, especially knockout mouse models, have been valuable in studying its functions.

In mouse models, Fbxo24 knockout leads to abnormal accumulation of membraneless electron-dense granules in sperm flagella, malformed flagellar structures, impaired sperm motility, and male infertility. This indicates its importance in spermatogenesis [1,5]. In breast cancer cells, Fbxo24 acts as a tumor suppressor by ubiquitinating and degrading LSD1, thus inhibiting tumorigenesis [2]. It also regulates cell proliferation in H1299 cells by mediating the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of PRMT6 [3]. In immune-related studies, Fbxo24 targets extracellular mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase for ubiquitylation and degradation, modulating immune responses during bacterial pneumonia [4].

In conclusion, Fbxo24 is essential for normal sperm formation and male fertility as revealed by gene-knockout mouse models. It also has significant impacts on cancer development, functioning as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, and on immune responses during bacterial pneumonia. These findings from in vivo studies using KO mouse models contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms of these biological processes and diseases.