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B6-hNLRP3
Product ID:
C001616
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
The Cryopyrin protein, encoded by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) gene, is a core component of the inflammasome in the innate immune system. As a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, NLRP3 is predominantly expressed in leukocytes and chondrocytes. It participates in the host defense against damage and infection by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate immune responses [1]. In its inactive monomeric state, NLRP3 senses intracellular damage signals, such as abnormal protein aggregates and lipid accumulation. Upon activation, NLRP3 oligomerizes, adopting an active conformation and assembling into inflammasome complexes, subsequently activating Caspase-1 to drive the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18 [1-2]. Activated NLRP3 not only induces the release of inflammatory cytokines but also triggers lytic cell pyroptosis. The intracellular components released during pyroptosis can further amplify inflammatory signals, forming a positive feedback loop of autoinflammation. Moreover, IL-1β can exacerbate the inflammatory cascade by stimulating the production of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) [3-4]. Given NLRP3's upstream position relative to IL-1β/IL-18 and other inflammatory factors, targeting its activity can effectively block the self-reinforcing mechanism of chronic inflammation, providing a significant therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related diseases [5]. The potential therapeutic areas include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (via neuroinflammation modulation), inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), gout, and obesity-related metabolic inflammation [6-7].
The B6-hNLRP3 mouse model was generated by replacing the mouse Nlrp3 genomic region (from the ATG start codon to downstream of the 3'UTR) with the human NLRP3 sequence (from upstream of the ATG start codon to downstream of the 3'UTR), enabling stable expression of human NLRP3 protein. The B6-hNLRP3 mouse is suitable for studying inflammatory mechanisms, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic diseases. It also serves as an ideal tool for human NLRP3-targeted drug development and preclinical efficacy evaluation.
The Cryopyrin protein, encoded by the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) gene, is a core component of the inflammasome in the innate immune system. As a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, NLRP3 is predominantly expressed in leukocytes and chondrocytes. It participates in the host defense against damage and infection by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to activate immune responses [1]. In its inactive monomeric state, NLRP3 senses intracellular damage signals, such as abnormal protein aggregates and lipid accumulation. Upon activation, NLRP3 oligomerizes, adopting an active conformation and assembling into inflammasome complexes, subsequently activating Caspase-1 to drive the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18 [1-2]. Activated NLRP3 not only induces the release of inflammatory cytokines but also triggers lytic cell pyroptosis. The intracellular components released during pyroptosis can further amplify inflammatory signals, forming a positive feedback loop of autoinflammation. Moreover, IL-1β can exacerbate the inflammatory cascade by stimulating the production of inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) [3-4]. Given NLRP3's upstream position relative to IL-1β/IL-18 and other inflammatory factors, targeting its activity can effectively block the self-reinforcing mechanism of chronic inflammation, providing a significant therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related diseases [5]. The potential therapeutic areas include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (via neuroinflammation modulation), inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), gout, and obesity-related metabolic inflammation [6-7].
The B6-hNLRP3 mouse model was generated by replacing the mouse Nlrp3 genomic region (from the ATG start codon to downstream of the 3'UTR) with the human NLRP3 sequence (from upstream of the ATG start codon to downstream of the 3'UTR), enabling stable expression of human NLRP3 protein. The B6-hNLRP3 mouse is suitable for studying inflammatory mechanisms, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic diseases. It also serves as an ideal tool for human NLRP3-targeted drug development and preclinical efficacy evaluation.
B6-huPRPF31
Product ID:
C001863
Strain:
C57BL/6JCya
Status:
Description:
The PRPF31 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.4, encodes the PRP31 protein, a crucial component of the spliceosome, a large molecular machine essential for pre-mRNA splicing. This gene is ubiquitously expressed, meaning it is active in nearly all cell types and tissues throughout the body, as its function is fundamental to general cell metabolism and survival [1]. The encoded protein, also known as Protein 61K, plays a critical role in the assembly of the U4/U6·U5 tri-snRNP complex, a vital step in the splicing process [2]. Mutations in the PRPF31 gene are primarily associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), a progressive inherited retinal disease. Although the gene is expressed ubiquitously, the disease phenotype is retina-specific, with cellular labeling and studies showing that photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are the most affected, leading to their dysfunction and death [3]. This is often attributed to haploinsufficiency, where a single mutated copy of the gene is not sufficient to produce the necessary amount of functional protein, particularly in the retina which has a high demand for splicing activity [4].
The B6-huPRPF31 mouse model was generated by replacing sequences from the ATG start codon to the TGA stop codon of the endogenous mouse Prpf31 gene with the sequences from the ATG start codon to the TGA stop codon of the human PRPF31 gene. This model can be used to study the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), as well as for the development of PRPF31-targeted drugs.
The PRPF31 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.4, encodes the PRP31 protein, a crucial component of the spliceosome, a large molecular machine essential for pre-mRNA splicing. This gene is ubiquitously expressed, meaning it is active in nearly all cell types and tissues throughout the body, as its function is fundamental to general cell metabolism and survival [1]. The encoded protein, also known as Protein 61K, plays a critical role in the assembly of the U4/U6·U5 tri-snRNP complex, a vital step in the splicing process [2]. Mutations in the PRPF31 gene are primarily associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), a progressive inherited retinal disease. Although the gene is expressed ubiquitously, the disease phenotype is retina-specific, with cellular labeling and studies showing that photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are the most affected, leading to their dysfunction and death [3]. This is often attributed to haploinsufficiency, where a single mutated copy of the gene is not sufficient to produce the necessary amount of functional protein, particularly in the retina which has a high demand for splicing activity [4].
The B6-huPRPF31 mouse model was generated by replacing sequences from the ATG start codon to the TGA stop codon of the endogenous mouse Prpf31 gene with the sequences from the ATG start codon to the TGA stop codon of the human PRPF31 gene. This model can be used to study the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP), as well as for the development of PRPF31-targeted drugs.
B6-hSCN9A
Product ID:
I001216
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
The SCN9A gene encodes the Nav1.7 sodium channel protein, which is primarily expressed in the sensory and sympathetic nerves of the peripheral nervous system and is highly expressed in the dorsal root ganglia. Nav1.7 sodium channels play a crucial role in transmitting positively charged sodium ions within cells, which are essential for generating and transmitting electrical signals. When a person experiences pain, this protein releases sodium ion currents that amplify and stimulate nerve cells, sending electrical signals to the brain, thereby causing the sensation of pain. The SCN9A gene guides the entry of sodium ions into cells and facilitates communication between neurons. Mutations in the SCN9A gene can alter the function of sodium channels in the brain, disrupting neuronal communication and leading to various pain, olfactory, and neurological disorders such as erythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, Dravet syndrome, small fiber neuropathy, and congenital insensitivity to pain. The abnormal protein function and symptoms resulting from gene mutations are directly related to the severity of the mutations, and different mutation types may lead to completely different conditions.
SCN9A is an excellent target for analgesic drug development. Downregulation of SCN9A expression can alleviate acute pain as well as certain types of inflammatory and neuropathic pain [1]. OliPass Corporation, a South Korean biotechnology company, has developed an antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analgesic targeting SCN9A (OLP-1002), which has entered Phase 2a clinical trials. Antisense PNA is an artificially synthesized DNA/RNA mimic that inhibits RNA/DNA transcription and translation by complementary pairing with RNA/DNA sequences. The drug has shown strong analgesic effects and prolonged therapeutic duration in Australian patients with moderate to severe chronic osteoarthritis pain. It is estimated that due to its potent efficacy, excellent safety profile, and broad therapeutic scope, OLP-1002 could generate over $50 billion in market potential annually [2-4].
The B6-hSCN9A mouse is a mouse Scn9a humanized model, generated by replacing the mouse Scn9a gene (including the 5' UTR and 3' UTR) with the corresponding human SCN9A gene sequence using gene editing technology. Internal research revealed that during the generation of B6-hSCN9A mice, the murine Scn9a gene was inserted unexpectedly, and its precise genomic insertion site remains undetermined*. This strain is suitable for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases such as erythromelalgia, Dravet syndrome, small fiber neuropathy, and congenital insensitivity to pain, as well as for screening analgesic drug candidates. In addition, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also provide customized services.
* Special notes on the genotype of B6-hSCN9A mice:
B6-hSCN9A het: 1 copy of hSCN9A + 2 copies of mScn9a;
B6-hSCN9A homo: 2 copies of hSCN9A + 2 copies of mScn9a.
The SCN9A gene encodes the Nav1.7 sodium channel protein, which is primarily expressed in the sensory and sympathetic nerves of the peripheral nervous system and is highly expressed in the dorsal root ganglia. Nav1.7 sodium channels play a crucial role in transmitting positively charged sodium ions within cells, which are essential for generating and transmitting electrical signals. When a person experiences pain, this protein releases sodium ion currents that amplify and stimulate nerve cells, sending electrical signals to the brain, thereby causing the sensation of pain. The SCN9A gene guides the entry of sodium ions into cells and facilitates communication between neurons. Mutations in the SCN9A gene can alter the function of sodium channels in the brain, disrupting neuronal communication and leading to various pain, olfactory, and neurological disorders such as erythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, Dravet syndrome, small fiber neuropathy, and congenital insensitivity to pain. The abnormal protein function and symptoms resulting from gene mutations are directly related to the severity of the mutations, and different mutation types may lead to completely different conditions.
SCN9A is an excellent target for analgesic drug development. Downregulation of SCN9A expression can alleviate acute pain as well as certain types of inflammatory and neuropathic pain [1]. OliPass Corporation, a South Korean biotechnology company, has developed an antisense peptide nucleic acid (PNA) analgesic targeting SCN9A (OLP-1002), which has entered Phase 2a clinical trials. Antisense PNA is an artificially synthesized DNA/RNA mimic that inhibits RNA/DNA transcription and translation by complementary pairing with RNA/DNA sequences. The drug has shown strong analgesic effects and prolonged therapeutic duration in Australian patients with moderate to severe chronic osteoarthritis pain. It is estimated that due to its potent efficacy, excellent safety profile, and broad therapeutic scope, OLP-1002 could generate over $50 billion in market potential annually [2-4].
The B6-hSCN9A mouse is a mouse Scn9a humanized model, generated by replacing the mouse Scn9a gene (including the 5' UTR and 3' UTR) with the corresponding human SCN9A gene sequence using gene editing technology. Internal research revealed that during the generation of B6-hSCN9A mice, the murine Scn9a gene was inserted unexpectedly, and its precise genomic insertion site remains undetermined*. This strain is suitable for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of neurological diseases such as erythromelalgia, Dravet syndrome, small fiber neuropathy, and congenital insensitivity to pain, as well as for screening analgesic drug candidates. In addition, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also provide customized services.
* Special notes on the genotype of B6-hSCN9A mice:
B6-hSCN9A het: 1 copy of hSCN9A + 2 copies of mScn9a;
B6-hSCN9A homo: 2 copies of hSCN9A + 2 copies of mScn9a.
B6-hATXN3
Product ID:
C001398
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of genetic diseases that mainly manifest as chronic progressive ataxia, such as limping, sudden falls, and difficulty in pronunciation. The main lesion sites of these diseases are the cerebellum and its associated tissues. They are mostly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but there are also autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance types. The average incidence of SCA is 2.7 per 100,000 people [1]. SCA can be divided into repeat expansion type and non-repeat expansion type according to the genetic mutation type. Among them, repeat expansion type includes polyglutamine SCA and non-translated region repeat expansion type SCA. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), belongs to polyglutamine SCA and is the most common dominant hereditary ataxia. The pathogenesis of SCA3 is the loss of neurotransmitters caused by CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. This expansion results in a long polyglutamine (polyQ) domain in the Ataxin 3 protein, leading to protein aggregation and dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The CAG repeat number in the healthy human ATXN3 gene ranges from 12 to 44, while the polyQ domain of SCA3 patients abnormally increases, with CAG repeat numbers ranging from 56 to 87. Individuals with CAG repeat numbers between 45 and 55 exhibit incomplete penetrance of SCA3 symptoms. Like other PolyQ diseases, the CAG repeat number is negatively correlated with the age of onset of SCA3 and positively correlated with the severity of the disease [2-3].
Currently, most SCA treatments targeting the ATXN3 gene are in the early stages of development and mainly involve reducing abnormal ATXN3 expression through means such as miRNA or ASO drugs. The Ataxin 3 protein in mice does not contain or only contains a shorter polyQ structure. Considering the differences between humans and mice in terms of genes, humanizing mouse genes can help accelerate these treatments into clinical stages. This strain is a mouse Atxn3 gene humanized model that can be used for research on Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) [4-9]. The homozygous B6-hATXN3 mice are viable and fertile. Additionally, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also generate hot mutation models based on this strain and provide customized services for specific mutations to meet experimental needs in pharmacology.
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of genetic diseases that mainly manifest as chronic progressive ataxia, such as limping, sudden falls, and difficulty in pronunciation. The main lesion sites of these diseases are the cerebellum and its associated tissues. They are mostly inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, but there are also autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance types. The average incidence of SCA is 2.7 per 100,000 people [1]. SCA can be divided into repeat expansion type and non-repeat expansion type according to the genetic mutation type. Among them, repeat expansion type includes polyglutamine SCA and non-translated region repeat expansion type SCA. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), belongs to polyglutamine SCA and is the most common dominant hereditary ataxia. The pathogenesis of SCA3 is the loss of neurotransmitters caused by CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. This expansion results in a long polyglutamine (polyQ) domain in the Ataxin 3 protein, leading to protein aggregation and dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. The CAG repeat number in the healthy human ATXN3 gene ranges from 12 to 44, while the polyQ domain of SCA3 patients abnormally increases, with CAG repeat numbers ranging from 56 to 87. Individuals with CAG repeat numbers between 45 and 55 exhibit incomplete penetrance of SCA3 symptoms. Like other PolyQ diseases, the CAG repeat number is negatively correlated with the age of onset of SCA3 and positively correlated with the severity of the disease [2-3].
Currently, most SCA treatments targeting the ATXN3 gene are in the early stages of development and mainly involve reducing abnormal ATXN3 expression through means such as miRNA or ASO drugs. The Ataxin 3 protein in mice does not contain or only contains a shorter polyQ structure. Considering the differences between humans and mice in terms of genes, humanizing mouse genes can help accelerate these treatments into clinical stages. This strain is a mouse Atxn3 gene humanized model that can be used for research on Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) [4-9]. The homozygous B6-hATXN3 mice are viable and fertile. Additionally, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also generate hot mutation models based on this strain and provide customized services for specific mutations to meet experimental needs in pharmacology.
B6-huALK7 (huACVR1C)
Product ID:
C001911
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
The activin A receptor type 1C (ACVR1C), also known as activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), is a crucial type I serine/threonine kinase receptor belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathway. Upon binding ligands such as activin AB, activin B, and NODAL, ACVR1C initiates intracellular signaling cascades by phosphorylating downstream SMAD2 and SMAD3 transcription factors, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic homeostasis [1]. ACVR1C exhibits a broad expression profile across various tissues, with notable enrichment in adipose tissue, pancreas, heart, and specific brain regions, suggesting its pleiotropic roles in maintaining tissue function [2]. Dysregulation of ACVR1C signaling has been implicated in a range of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the pathogenesis of certain cancers like retinoblastoma, highlighting its significance as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions [3].
The B6-huALK7 (huACVR1C) mouse is a humanized model constructed through gene-editing technology, in which the sequence from the 5'UTR to the downstream of the 3'UTR of the mouse Acvr1c gene is replaced with the sequence from the 5'UTR to the downstream of the 3'UTR of the human ACVR1C gene. This model can be used for the research on the pathological mechanisms and treatment methods of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and malignant tumors such as retinoblastoma, as well as the development of ACVR1C-targeted drugs.
The activin A receptor type 1C (ACVR1C), also known as activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), is a crucial type I serine/threonine kinase receptor belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathway. Upon binding ligands such as activin AB, activin B, and NODAL, ACVR1C initiates intracellular signaling cascades by phosphorylating downstream SMAD2 and SMAD3 transcription factors, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic homeostasis [1]. ACVR1C exhibits a broad expression profile across various tissues, with notable enrichment in adipose tissue, pancreas, heart, and specific brain regions, suggesting its pleiotropic roles in maintaining tissue function [2]. Dysregulation of ACVR1C signaling has been implicated in a range of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the pathogenesis of certain cancers like retinoblastoma, highlighting its significance as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions [3].
The B6-huALK7 (huACVR1C) mouse is a humanized model constructed through gene-editing technology, in which the sequence from the 5'UTR to the downstream of the 3'UTR of the mouse Acvr1c gene is replaced with the sequence from the 5'UTR to the downstream of the 3'UTR of the human ACVR1C gene. This model can be used for the research on the pathological mechanisms and treatment methods of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and malignant tumors such as retinoblastoma, as well as the development of ACVR1C-targeted drugs.
B6-huCFTR*c.3718-2477C>T
Product ID:
C001880
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a critical protein that maintains the salt and water balance across various human organs, including the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands. The primary function of CFTR is to act as a chloride channel, regulating the transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes, thereby maintaining tissue fluid balance and pH. This process is ATP-dependent and also modulates the activity of other ion channels and transport proteins [1-2]. Mutations in the CFTR gene can lead to chloride channel dysfunction, resulting in various diseases, with cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most common. CF is the most prevalent lethal genetic disease among Caucasians, with an incidence of approximately 1/2,500 to 1/1,800, and about 90,000 cases globally [3-4]. The disease is characterized by thickened mucus in the lungs, frequent respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, and male infertility, typically due to vas deferens obstruction. The c.3718-2477C>T mutation is a relatively rare pathogenic cause of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). As a deep intronic variant, c.3718-2477C>T is classified as a splicing mutation, meaning its primary effect is likely to disrupt the normal process of mRNA splicing (the removal of non-coding introns and joining of coding exons) after transcription. This disruption can lead to a faulty or absent CFTR protein, ultimately resulting in the clinical manifestations of CF. Current treatments for CF mainly focus on CFTR modulators to restore the function of the mutated CFTR protein. CFTR modulators are classified into potentiators (which enhance CFTR function) and correctors (which assist in the proper folding and trafficking of CFTR to the cell membrane). Representative drugs include Ivacaftor, Lumacaftor, and triple-combination CFTR modulating therapy Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor [5].
B6-huCFTR*c.3718-2477C>T mice were developed by introducing the c.3718-2477C>T mutation into the CFTR-humanized mouse model (Catalog Number: C001964), creating a humanized disease model. It is suitable for research into CF mechanisms and the development of therapies targeting the CFTR c.3718-2477C>T mutation. This strain requires feeding with intestinal cleansers to maintain survival. In addition, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also generate hot mutation models based on the CFTR-humanized strain and provide customized services for specific mutations to meet the experimental needs in pharmacology and other fields.
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a critical protein that maintains the salt and water balance across various human organs, including the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands. The primary function of CFTR is to act as a chloride channel, regulating the transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes, thereby maintaining tissue fluid balance and pH. This process is ATP-dependent and also modulates the activity of other ion channels and transport proteins [1-2]. Mutations in the CFTR gene can lead to chloride channel dysfunction, resulting in various diseases, with cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most common. CF is the most prevalent lethal genetic disease among Caucasians, with an incidence of approximately 1/2,500 to 1/1,800, and about 90,000 cases globally [3-4]. The disease is characterized by thickened mucus in the lungs, frequent respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, and male infertility, typically due to vas deferens obstruction. The c.3718-2477C>T mutation is a relatively rare pathogenic cause of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). As a deep intronic variant, c.3718-2477C>T is classified as a splicing mutation, meaning its primary effect is likely to disrupt the normal process of mRNA splicing (the removal of non-coding introns and joining of coding exons) after transcription. This disruption can lead to a faulty or absent CFTR protein, ultimately resulting in the clinical manifestations of CF. Current treatments for CF mainly focus on CFTR modulators to restore the function of the mutated CFTR protein. CFTR modulators are classified into potentiators (which enhance CFTR function) and correctors (which assist in the proper folding and trafficking of CFTR to the cell membrane). Representative drugs include Ivacaftor, Lumacaftor, and triple-combination CFTR modulating therapy Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor [5].
B6-huCFTR*c.3718-2477C>T mice were developed by introducing the c.3718-2477C>T mutation into the CFTR-humanized mouse model (Catalog Number: C001964), creating a humanized disease model. It is suitable for research into CF mechanisms and the development of therapies targeting the CFTR c.3718-2477C>T mutation. This strain requires feeding with intestinal cleansers to maintain survival. In addition, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also generate hot mutation models based on the CFTR-humanized strain and provide customized services for specific mutations to meet the experimental needs in pharmacology and other fields.
B6-hCFTR*F508del
Product ID:
I001226
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a critical protein that maintains the salt and water balance across various human organs, including the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands. The primary function of CFTR is to act as a chloride channel, regulating the transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes, thereby maintaining tissue fluid balance and pH. This process is ATP-dependent and also modulates the activity of other ion channels and transport proteins [1-2]. Mutations in the CFTR gene can lead to chloride channel dysfunction, resulting in various diseases, with cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most common. CF is the most prevalent lethal genetic disease among Caucasians, with an incidence of approximately 1/2,500 to 1/1,800, and about 90,000 cases globally [3-4]. The disease is characterized by thickened mucus in the lungs, frequent respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, and male infertility, typically due to vas deferens obstruction. The F508del (ΔF508) mutation is the most common pathogenic mutation in CF, with about 80% of CF patients carrying at least one allele of this mutation, and approximately 40% being homozygous [5]. This mutation causes the deletion of phenylalanine (F508) in the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of the CFTR protein, leading to misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated degradation, preventing CFTR from reaching the cell membrane and compromising chloride channel function, which results in chronic pulmonary symptoms [6-7]. Current treatments for CF mainly focus on CFTR modulators to restore the function of the mutated CFTR protein. CFTR modulators are classified into potentiators (which enhance CFTR function) and correctors (which assist in the proper folding and trafficking of CFTR to the cell membrane). Representative drugs include Ivacaftor, Lumacaftor, and triple-combination CFTR modulating therapy Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor [8].
This strain was developed by introducing the F508del mutation into the CFTR-humanized mouse model (Catalog Number: C001964), creating a humanized disease model. The introduction of the mutation results in the manifestation of CF-related phenotypes in mice, making it suitable for research into CF mechanisms and the screening, development, and evaluation of therapies targeting the CFTR F508del mutation. This strain requires feeding with intestinal cleansers to maintain survival after 3 weeks of age. In addition, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also generate hot mutation models based on the CFTR-humanized strain and provide customized services for specific mutations to meet the experimental needs in pharmacology and other fields.
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a critical protein that maintains the salt and water balance across various human organs, including the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands. The primary function of CFTR is to act as a chloride channel, regulating the transport of chloride and bicarbonate ions across epithelial cell membranes, thereby maintaining tissue fluid balance and pH. This process is ATP-dependent and also modulates the activity of other ion channels and transport proteins [1-2]. Mutations in the CFTR gene can lead to chloride channel dysfunction, resulting in various diseases, with cystic fibrosis (CF) being the most common. CF is the most prevalent lethal genetic disease among Caucasians, with an incidence of approximately 1/2,500 to 1/1,800, and about 90,000 cases globally [3-4]. The disease is characterized by thickened mucus in the lungs, frequent respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, and male infertility, typically due to vas deferens obstruction. The F508del (ΔF508) mutation is the most common pathogenic mutation in CF, with about 80% of CF patients carrying at least one allele of this mutation, and approximately 40% being homozygous [5]. This mutation causes the deletion of phenylalanine (F508) in the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of the CFTR protein, leading to misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated degradation, preventing CFTR from reaching the cell membrane and compromising chloride channel function, which results in chronic pulmonary symptoms [6-7]. Current treatments for CF mainly focus on CFTR modulators to restore the function of the mutated CFTR protein. CFTR modulators are classified into potentiators (which enhance CFTR function) and correctors (which assist in the proper folding and trafficking of CFTR to the cell membrane). Representative drugs include Ivacaftor, Lumacaftor, and triple-combination CFTR modulating therapy Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor [8].
This strain was developed by introducing the F508del mutation into the CFTR-humanized mouse model (Catalog Number: C001964), creating a humanized disease model. The introduction of the mutation results in the manifestation of CF-related phenotypes in mice, making it suitable for research into CF mechanisms and the screening, development, and evaluation of therapies targeting the CFTR F508del mutation. This strain requires feeding with intestinal cleansers to maintain survival after 3 weeks of age. In addition, based on the independently developed TurboKnockout fusion BAC recombination technology, Cyagen can also generate hot mutation models based on the CFTR-humanized strain and provide customized services for specific mutations to meet the experimental needs in pharmacology and other fields.
B6-hIgA1
Product ID:
C001565
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
The immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region α1 (IGHA1) gene encodes the IgA1 protein, a subtype of immunoglobulin A (IgA), primarily found in mucosal areas such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, playing a key role in immune defense by neutralizing pathogens and preventing their invasion [1]. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common forms of glomerulonephritis, accounting for 30% to 50% of primary glomerulonephritis cases, and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). IgAN is characterized by the deposition of IgA1-containing immune complexes in the glomeruli (the kidney's filtering units), leading to extensive pathological damage ranging from mesangial matrix expansion to proliferative glomerulonephritis, ultimately manifesting as clinical symptoms such as hematuria and proteinuria, and impairing kidney function [2-3]. Approximately one-third of IgAN patients eventually progress to renal failure. The pathogenesis of IgAN is associated with galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the serum, which acts as an autoantigen, triggering an immune response that leads to the formation and deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys [2-4]. Additionally, these IgA1 antibodies can bind to the soluble form of the myeloid IgA receptor FcαRI (CD89/FCAR), further exacerbating the disease [4].
The B6-hIgA1 mouse is a humanized model constructed by inserting the human IGHA1 gene sequence into the region between the mouse IgM enhancer (Eμ) and IgM constant region (Cμ), replacing the mouse IgM switch region (Sμ). B6-hIgA1 mice successfully express the human IGHA1 gene, and high levels of human IgA1 protein can be detected in their serum. Therefore, B6-hIgA1 mice can be used to study B cell development, immunoglobulin formation, and autoimmune mechanisms. They can also be crossed with CD89 humanized mouse models to create IgA nephropathy (IgAN) mouse model that better reflect human genetic mechanisms and pathological phenotypes [4], facilitating the development of IgA1-targeted drugs.
The immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region α1 (IGHA1) gene encodes the IgA1 protein, a subtype of immunoglobulin A (IgA), primarily found in mucosal areas such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, playing a key role in immune defense by neutralizing pathogens and preventing their invasion [1]. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common forms of glomerulonephritis, accounting for 30% to 50% of primary glomerulonephritis cases, and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). IgAN is characterized by the deposition of IgA1-containing immune complexes in the glomeruli (the kidney's filtering units), leading to extensive pathological damage ranging from mesangial matrix expansion to proliferative glomerulonephritis, ultimately manifesting as clinical symptoms such as hematuria and proteinuria, and impairing kidney function [2-3]. Approximately one-third of IgAN patients eventually progress to renal failure. The pathogenesis of IgAN is associated with galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) in the serum, which acts as an autoantigen, triggering an immune response that leads to the formation and deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys [2-4]. Additionally, these IgA1 antibodies can bind to the soluble form of the myeloid IgA receptor FcαRI (CD89/FCAR), further exacerbating the disease [4].
The B6-hIgA1 mouse is a humanized model constructed by inserting the human IGHA1 gene sequence into the region between the mouse IgM enhancer (Eμ) and IgM constant region (Cμ), replacing the mouse IgM switch region (Sμ). B6-hIgA1 mice successfully express the human IGHA1 gene, and high levels of human IgA1 protein can be detected in their serum. Therefore, B6-hIgA1 mice can be used to study B cell development, immunoglobulin formation, and autoimmune mechanisms. They can also be crossed with CD89 humanized mouse models to create IgA nephropathy (IgAN) mouse model that better reflect human genetic mechanisms and pathological phenotypes [4], facilitating the development of IgA1-targeted drugs.
B6-huTFRC/huSNCA(3'UTR)
Product ID:
C001873
Strain:
C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
The Transferrin receptor (TFRC) gene encodes Transferrin Receptor 1 (TFR1), a protein that is expressed at low levels in most normal cells but shows increased expression in highly proliferative cells, such as basal epidermal cells, intestinal epithelium, and certain activated immune cells. Brain capillary endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB), also express this receptor at high levels [1]. TFR1 plays a critical role in maintaining iron metabolism and homeostasis by facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis of iron-bound transferrin (Tf) via Tf cycling, thereby promoting iron uptake [2]. Cellular iron deficiency can lead to apoptosis, while cellular transformation requires substantial iron to sustain proliferation, with iron overload contributing to tumor progression. The high expression of TFR1 in many tumors makes it a potential tumor marker, offering a target for therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis [1]. Moreover, TFR1 is implicated in anemia and iron metabolism disorders. Studies have shown that elevated TFR1 expression in cardiomyocytes is associated with exacerbated inflammation in myocarditis patients [3]. Various clinical drugs targeting TFR1 are currently under development, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, applicable to diseases such as cancer, anemia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Research indicates that enhancing antibody transport across the blood-brain barrier via TFR1, by forming specific bispecific antibodies with anti-β-amyloid antibodies, can improve therapeutic outcomes in Alzheimer's patients [4-5]. As research progresses, TFR1 is expected to become an effective clinical target for multiple diseases and a synergistic target for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence mainly in the middle-aged and elderly population. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main clinical symptoms include resting tremors, limb stiffness, bradykinesia, loss of voluntary movement, etc. The typical pathological process of PD is the formation of Lewy bodies (LB) in the central nervous system (CNS), which results in the gradual death and loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to the disease [6-7]. The main components of Lewy bodies are insoluble aggregates of abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn), and the SNCA gene, which encodes α-synuclein, is one of the key causative genes in Parkinson's disease. Mutations in this gene cause overexpression of α-syn, leading to the formation of Lewy bodies, ultimately leading to PD [8]. In addition, SNCA mutations are also associated with diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).
B6-huTFRC/huSNCA(3'UTR) mice are a dual-gene humanized model generated by crossing B6-huTFRC mice (Catalog No.: C001860) with B6-hSNCA (3'UTR) mice (Catalog No.: C001698). This model can be used for research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), as well as iron metabolism disorders and tumorigenesis and development. It is also applicable for the development of TFRC/SNCA-targeted drugs.
The Transferrin receptor (TFRC) gene encodes Transferrin Receptor 1 (TFR1), a protein that is expressed at low levels in most normal cells but shows increased expression in highly proliferative cells, such as basal epidermal cells, intestinal epithelium, and certain activated immune cells. Brain capillary endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB), also express this receptor at high levels [1]. TFR1 plays a critical role in maintaining iron metabolism and homeostasis by facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis of iron-bound transferrin (Tf) via Tf cycling, thereby promoting iron uptake [2]. Cellular iron deficiency can lead to apoptosis, while cellular transformation requires substantial iron to sustain proliferation, with iron overload contributing to tumor progression. The high expression of TFR1 in many tumors makes it a potential tumor marker, offering a target for therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis [1]. Moreover, TFR1 is implicated in anemia and iron metabolism disorders. Studies have shown that elevated TFR1 expression in cardiomyocytes is associated with exacerbated inflammation in myocarditis patients [3]. Various clinical drugs targeting TFR1 are currently under development, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, applicable to diseases such as cancer, anemia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Research indicates that enhancing antibody transport across the blood-brain barrier via TFR1, by forming specific bispecific antibodies with anti-β-amyloid antibodies, can improve therapeutic outcomes in Alzheimer's patients [4-5]. As research progresses, TFR1 is expected to become an effective clinical target for multiple diseases and a synergistic target for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence mainly in the middle-aged and elderly population. It is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main clinical symptoms include resting tremors, limb stiffness, bradykinesia, loss of voluntary movement, etc. The typical pathological process of PD is the formation of Lewy bodies (LB) in the central nervous system (CNS), which results in the gradual death and loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to the disease [6-7]. The main components of Lewy bodies are insoluble aggregates of abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn), and the SNCA gene, which encodes α-synuclein, is one of the key causative genes in Parkinson's disease. Mutations in this gene cause overexpression of α-syn, leading to the formation of Lewy bodies, ultimately leading to PD [8]. In addition, SNCA mutations are also associated with diseases such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA).
B6-huTFRC/huSNCA(3'UTR) mice are a dual-gene humanized model generated by crossing B6-huTFRC mice (Catalog No.: C001860) with B6-hSNCA (3'UTR) mice (Catalog No.: C001698). This model can be used for research on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), as well as iron metabolism disorders and tumorigenesis and development. It is also applicable for the development of TFRC/SNCA-targeted drugs.
B6-hC3/hTFRC (CDS)
Product ID:
C001608
Strain:
C57BL/6JCya;C57BL/6NCya
Status:
Description:
Complement component C3 plays a central role in activating the complement system and is the most abundant complement protein in human plasma, primarily synthesized in the liver. As part of the innate immune system, the complement system is activated during tissue damage and pathogen invasion, playing a crucial role in the inflammatory response, host homeostasis, and pathogen defense. The complement cascade is activated through the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway, all of which generate C3 convertase, which cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. C3a is a potent anaphylatoxin with pro-inflammatory activity, while C3b is a regulator that induces C5 cleavage, thereby participating in the dissolution and clearance of immune complexes. Mutations in this gene are associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Deficiencies in C3 and C3-derived peptides can lead to autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vasculitis) and make individuals susceptible to recurrent respiratory infections and infections caused by encapsulated organisms. Conversely, excessive activation of C3 and related complement components is associated with kidney diseases (immune complex glomerulonephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, and immune-mediated nephropathy) [1-2].
The Transferrin receptor (TFRC) gene encodes Transferrin Receptor 1 (TFR1), a protein that is expressed at low levels in most normal cells but shows increased expression in highly proliferative cells, such as basal epidermal cells, intestinal epithelium, and certain activated immune cells. Brain capillary endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB), also express this receptor at high levels [3]. TFR1 plays a critical role in maintaining iron metabolism and homeostasis by facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis of iron-bound transferrin (Tf) via Tf cycling, thereby promoting iron uptake [4]. Cellular iron deficiency can lead to apoptosis, while cellular transformation requires substantial iron to sustain proliferation, with iron overload contributing to tumor progression. The high expression of TFR1 in many tumors makes it a potential tumor marker, offering a target for therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis [3]. Moreover, TFR1 is implicated in anemia and iron metabolism disorders. Studies have shown that elevated TFR1 expression in cardiomyocytes is associated with exacerbated inflammation in myocarditis patients [5]. Various clinical drugs targeting TFR1 are currently under development, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, applicable to diseases such as cancer, anemia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Research indicates that enhancing antibody transport across the blood-brain barrier via TFR1, by forming specific bispecific antibodies with anti-β-amyloid antibodies, can improve therapeutic outcomes in Alzheimer's patients [6-7]. As research progresses, TFR1 is expected to become an effective clinical target for multiple diseases and a synergistic target for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
The B6-hC3/hTFRC(CDS) mouse model is a humanized model obtained by breeding huC3 mice (Catalog No.: C001955) with B6-hTFRC(CDS) mice (Catalog No.: C001584). This model can be used for research on complement-mediated diseases, iron metabolism disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumor development, aiding in studying C3/TFRC-targeted drugs.
Complement component C3 plays a central role in activating the complement system and is the most abundant complement protein in human plasma, primarily synthesized in the liver. As part of the innate immune system, the complement system is activated during tissue damage and pathogen invasion, playing a crucial role in the inflammatory response, host homeostasis, and pathogen defense. The complement cascade is activated through the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway, all of which generate C3 convertase, which cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b. C3a is a potent anaphylatoxin with pro-inflammatory activity, while C3b is a regulator that induces C5 cleavage, thereby participating in the dissolution and clearance of immune complexes. Mutations in this gene are associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Deficiencies in C3 and C3-derived peptides can lead to autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and vasculitis) and make individuals susceptible to recurrent respiratory infections and infections caused by encapsulated organisms. Conversely, excessive activation of C3 and related complement components is associated with kidney diseases (immune complex glomerulonephritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, and immune-mediated nephropathy) [1-2].
The Transferrin receptor (TFRC) gene encodes Transferrin Receptor 1 (TFR1), a protein that is expressed at low levels in most normal cells but shows increased expression in highly proliferative cells, such as basal epidermal cells, intestinal epithelium, and certain activated immune cells. Brain capillary endothelial cells, which constitute the blood-brain barrier (BBB), also express this receptor at high levels [3]. TFR1 plays a critical role in maintaining iron metabolism and homeostasis by facilitating receptor-mediated endocytosis of iron-bound transferrin (Tf) via Tf cycling, thereby promoting iron uptake [4]. Cellular iron deficiency can lead to apoptosis, while cellular transformation requires substantial iron to sustain proliferation, with iron overload contributing to tumor progression. The high expression of TFR1 in many tumors makes it a potential tumor marker, offering a target for therapies to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis [3]. Moreover, TFR1 is implicated in anemia and iron metabolism disorders. Studies have shown that elevated TFR1 expression in cardiomyocytes is associated with exacerbated inflammation in myocarditis patients [5]. Various clinical drugs targeting TFR1 are currently under development, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, applicable to diseases such as cancer, anemia, and neurodegenerative disorders. Research indicates that enhancing antibody transport across the blood-brain barrier via TFR1, by forming specific bispecific antibodies with anti-β-amyloid antibodies, can improve therapeutic outcomes in Alzheimer's patients [6-7]. As research progresses, TFR1 is expected to become an effective clinical target for multiple diseases and a synergistic target for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
The B6-hC3/hTFRC(CDS) mouse model is a humanized model obtained by breeding huC3 mice (Catalog No.: C001955) with B6-hTFRC(CDS) mice (Catalog No.: C001584). This model can be used for research on complement-mediated diseases, iron metabolism disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumor development, aiding in studying C3/TFRC-targeted drugs.
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